User:Waylon1104/條目翻譯7

法蘭索瓦·安托萬·路易·布爾西耶
布爾西耶的畫像與頭銜，包含：帝國伯爵、師級將軍、帝國國務參事、榮譽軍團大軍官
出生	(1760-02-23)1760年2月23日 法國阿爾薩斯拉珀蒂特皮埃爾
逝世	1828年5月8日(1828歲—05—08)（68歲） 法國默爾特-摩澤爾省維爾歐瓦勒
效命	法兰西第一共和国 法兰西第一帝国 法蘭西王國
军种	騎兵
服役年份	1789年－1814年
军衔	師級將軍
参与战争	第一次反法同盟 1792年－1797年 第二次反法同盟 1799年－1801年 多瑙軍團 奥斯特拉赫戰役 史塔卡赫戰役 瑞士軍團 第一次蘇黎世戰役 那不勒斯軍團 第三次反法同盟 烏爾姆戰役 埃爾興根戰役 奧斯特利茨戰役 第四次反法同盟 耶拿-奧爾施泰特戰役 半島戰爭 第五次反法同盟 瓦格拉姆戰役 駐紮於德意志地區的大軍團 俄法戰爭 第六次反法同盟
获得勋章	法國榮譽軍團大軍官、騎士勳章，聖路易十字勳章
其他工作	法國眾議院議員

法蘭索瓦·安托萬·路易·布爾西耶（法語：François Antoine Louis Bourcier；1760年2月23日—1828年5月8日）是法國大革命戰爭與拿破崙戰爭期間的法國騎兵少將。

布爾西耶在第一次反法同盟戰爭期間在萊茵軍團中擔任騎兵中尉。他在第二次反法同盟戰爭期間被升為准將，擔任多瑙軍團的騎兵督察將軍。他在拿破崙戰爭期間參與了多場位於多瑙河流域的戰役，包括埃爾興根戰役、奧斯特利茨戰役與瓦格拉姆戰役，也在第四次反法同盟戰爭中的耶拿-奧爾施泰特、海爾斯堡與弗里德蘭戰役中發揮出色。第四次反法同盟戰爭結束後，他短暫地被調任至半岛戰場作戰。布爾西耶在被調回東歐後參與了1812年的侵俄戰爭。他的爵位與榮譽在拿破仑一世於1815年倒台後，並沒有被波旁政府廢除。

生涯

Bourcier was born in La Petite-Pierre near Phalsbourg, Alsace, a small town, in the Bas-Rhin district, 24公里（15英里） north of Saverne and 56公里（35英里） northwest of Strasbourg. The son of a former sergeant of the guard of King Stanislas Leszczynski, he proved himself a bright student in school, and was placed in a cavalry regiment. At the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, he was lieutenant in the 1st Regiment of Cavalry. From this time, his prospects rose quickly. Appointed aide-de-campe to the Duke of Aiguillon (9 June 1792), he later he transferred to the staff of General Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine. A general of brigade in 1793, he became Chief of Staff of the Army of the Rhine, and was raised the following year to the rank of major general.

Bourcier commanded a division of cavalry under General Jean Victor Marie Moreau, who had taken an interest in his career, and he was appointed Inspector of Cavalry on 3 August 1797. When Jean Baptiste Jourdan formed the Army of the Danube, he appointed Bourcier as inspector of cavalry for both his force and the Army of Switzerland, under command of André Masséna. With command of a brigade, and as inspector of cavalry, Bourcier participated in the campaigns of the War of the Second Coalition in southwestern Germany, Switzerland, and northern Italy. In Italy, he also commanded a column of cavalry that routed a group of rebels near AndreaTemplate:Clarification.

In the 1805 War of the Third Coalition, as commander of a division of dragoons, he participated in the Battle of Elchingen and later the Battle of Ulm. Six weeks later, at the Battle of Austerlitz, he made several brilliant and timely charges, including one observed by several parishioners of the town of Mönitz, who had climbed the church tower to watch the action. The French infantry had been surrounded by Austrian cavalry, which pursued them down the road. Bourcier approached from the other direction with three regiments of dragoons, having left the rest of his division behind to preserve his communication lines in Raigern. Seeing the infantry beleaguered by cavalry, he led his men in a charge, giving the infantry time to escape. His own dragoons were fired upon with cannon and grapeshot, killing or wounding several men and horses, but, as he wrote later, "[the Russian cannon fire] would have done more harm had they been directed better, being within half range."

After the French victory at the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt, Bourcier was placed in charge of the several thousands of horses confiscated from the Prussians. This influx of horses improved the capacity of the French cavalry, as Joachim Murat's 11,000-strong cavalry reserve demonstrated later at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807.

After the defeat of Prussia in 1807, Bourcier was sent to Spain to support the French efforts there, but he returned to the northern European theater in time for the Battle of Wagram in July 1809. He was also part of Napoleon's Russian campaign, but escaped the rigors of the retreat from Moscow, having been previously sent back to Berlin to reorganize the French cavalry.

The First Restoration awarded him the Cross of St. Louis. He retired in 1816, but the following year he was recalled to the State Council and served as commissioner for the management of military supply depots.

家庭與退伍生活

In 1809, he acquired the Chateau de Ville-au-Val at Meurthe-et-Moselle. In 1816, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies by the Department of the Meurthe. He married Marie Isabelle Van Oldencel (died in Nancy, 13 June 1855). They had a daughter, Adelaide Ernestine Josephine, born 11 October 1805, who married to Louis Henry Gau, the son of Charles Louis Joseph Gau of Frégeville.

Bourcier died in 1828 in Ville-au-Val in Meurthe-et-Moselle and was buried, as were his descendants after him, in the family vault near the chateau chapel. His name is engraved on the Arc d'Triumph.

參考文獻

• （法語） Jacques Baquol and Paul Ristelhuber. L'Alsace ancienne et moderne ou Dictionnaire topographique, historique et statistique du Haut et du Bas Rhin. Strasbourg, Umschl. Paris: [s.n.], 1865
• （法語） de Courcelles, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien, et al. Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux français. 1822, vol. iii,
• Goetz, Robert. 1805: Austerlitz. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005, ISBN 1-85367-644-6.
• Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste. A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer, London: Debrett, 1799.
• Template:Cite Mullié
• Smith, Digby. Napoleonic Wars Databook: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery, 1792–1815. Greenhill: PA, Stackpole, 1998, ISBN 1-85367-276-9.

[[Category:1760年出生]] [[Category:1760年出生]] [[Category:下萊茵省人]] [[Category:法國大革命戰爭法國軍事人物]] [[Category:法蘭西第一帝國將軍]] [[Category:法國榮譽軍團大軍官勳章持有人]] [[Category:巴黎凱旋門所刻人名]] [[Category:騎兵指揮官]]