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德国海军从1920年代末开始建造或计划一系列重巡洋舰。《凡尔赛条约》将德国战舰的排水量限制在10,000長噸(10,160公噸)。德国级采用一系列的创新方案来减轻重量。1934年,“德国”级的改进版本D级也被提上日程。最终被替换为两艘沙恩霍斯特级战列舰。1937年,德国海军又提出一个改进的装甲舰的计划——P级。最初打算包括12艘舰只,後于1939年以新设计的O级战列巡洋舰取而代之。希佩尔将军级的5艘舰只是根据1935年签署的《英德海军协定》条款授权开建的,该条款允许德国建造的重巡洋舰总吨位不超过50,000長噸(51,000公噸)。1939年9月第二次世界大战爆发时该级舰艇只有3艘完工。在1936年至1938年的西班牙内战期间,3艘德国级舰只参与几次不干涉巡逻任务。第二次世界大战期间,大多数重巡洋舰被用作商业航线侵袭活动。德国号、舍尔将军号和希佩尔将军号都在战争末期被英国轰炸机摧毁,只有欧根亲王号幸存。并最终被割让给美国海军作为战利舰,被用于比基尼环礁的核试验。
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