操演性
外觀
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操演性(英語:Performativity),或譯作表演性、展演性,是指語言作為社會行為形式發揮作用、產生效果的術語。[1] 操演性,在人類學、社會地理學、文化地理學、經濟學、性別研究、法學、語言學、戲劇理論、表演研究、歷史、管理學和哲學等不同領域有多種應用與定義。
術語,來自語言哲學家約翰·奧斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力:通過言語和交流,來採取行動,或達成某項行動。奧斯丁將其與陳述敘說(英語:constative utterance)區分開來,稱為操演敘說(英語:performative utterance)。奧斯丁定義陳述敘說為可以「評估為真或假」的語句。而操演敘說[註 1]的常見例子,有:承諾、打賭、舉行婚禮、示威者宣布罷工、或法官宣布裁決。 [1]
受奧斯汀影響,性別研究哲學家朱迪思·巴特勒認為,性別是通過日常的言語行為和非語言行為在社會上構建的,有助於定義和維持身份。[2] 這種性別操演性的觀點顛覆了身份是言語、手勢等次生行為的原因。相反,性別操演性將行動、行為和手勢也視為是形成個人身份的原因,而不只是結果,而個人身份在不斷通過言語行為和象徵性交流中得到重新定義。[1] 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲學家的影響。[3]
參考
[編輯]註
[編輯]- ^ 或翻作「踐行敘說」、「展演敘說」等
註腳
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-21).
- ^ Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990.
- ^ Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski
延伸閱讀
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- Bakhtin, Mikhail. "Discourse in the Novel", The dialogic imagination : four essays; edited by Michael Holquist; translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist Austin: University of Texas Press, c1981.
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- Butler, Judith. 2000. "Critically Queer", in Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
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- Goffman, Erving. 1976. "Gender Display" and "Gender Commercials." Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper and Row.
- Goffman, Erving. 1983. "Frame Analysis of Talk." The Goffman Reader, Lemert and Branaman, eds., Blackwell, 1997.
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- Hall, Stuart. 2000. "Who Needs Identity?" In Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
- Hawkes, David. 2020. The Reign of Anti-logos: Performance in Postmodernity (Palgrave Insights into Apocalypse Economics), London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kessler, Suzanne, and Wendy McKenna. 1978. Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Kulick, Don. No. Language & Communication. April 2003, 23 (2): 139–151. doi:10.1016/S0271-5309(02)00043-5. Pdf.
- Lloyd, Moya. 1999. "Performativity, Parody, Politics", Theory, Culture & Society, 16(2), 195–213.
- Matynia, Elzbieta. 2009. Performative Democracy. Boulder: Paradigm.
- Membretti, Andrea. 2009. "Per un uso performativo delle immagini nella ricerca-azione sociale", Lo Squaderno n.12 (http://www.losquaderno.professionaldreamers.net/?p=1101 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館))
- McKenzie, Jon. "Perform or Else: From Discipline to Performance." London: Routledge, 2001.
- McKenzie, Jon, Heike Roms, and C. J. Wan-ling. Wee. "Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research." Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
- Muñoz, Performing Disidentifications. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. 1999.
- Oliver, Kelly. 2003. "What Is Transformative about the Performative? From Repetition to Working Through." In Ann Cahill and Jennifer Hansen, eds., Continental Feminism Reader.
- Parker and Sedgwick, Introduction: Performativity and Performance. Performativity and Performance. 1995.
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- Roudavski, Stanislav. 2008. Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (PhD, University of Cambridge)
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- West, Candace and Don Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender and Society 1.2: 121–151.