阿莫待奎

**阿莫待奎**
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Amdaquine、Amobin、Camoquin及其他
AHFS/Drugs.com	国际药品名称
ATC码	P01BA06 (WHO) ;
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]phenol; ;
CAS号	86-42-0
PubChem CID	2165;
DrugBank	DB00613 ;
ChemSpider	2080 ;
UNII	220236ED28;
KEGG	D02922 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:2674 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL682 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID2022597 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.518
化学信息
化学式	C20H22ClN3O
摩尔质量	355.87 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES Clc1cc2nccc(c2cc1)Nc3cc(c(O)cc3)CN(CC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H22ClN3O/c1-3-24(4-2)13-14-11-16(6-8-20(14)25)23-18-9-10-22-19-12-15(21)5-7-17(18)19/h5-12,25H,3-4,13H2,1-2H3,(H,22,23) ; Key:OVCDSSHSILBFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

阿莫待奎（英语：Amodiaquine，简称ADQ) 是一种用于治疗疟疾（包括尚未出现并发症的恶性疟原虫疟疾）的药物。^[2]^[3]建议此药物与青蒿琥酯一起服用，以降低发生抗药性风险。^[2]由于此药物可能会产生罕见，但严重的副作用，通常不建议用于预防之用。^[2]但世界卫生组织 (WHO) 在2013年建议在儿童的高风险感染季节中将其与磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶（英语：Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine）联合，用于预防感染。^[4]根据一份发表于2010年8月的研究报告，实验者针对加纳的儿童采用阿莫待奎与青蒿琥酯组合，与采用阿莫待奎与磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶组合，进行季节性疟疾预防性用药，发现前者组合较后者更具有成本上的优势。^[5]

此药物经由口服方式给药。^[6]

阿莫待奎是一种与氯化奎宁相关的4-氨基喹啉化合物。^[2]使用后的副作用与使用氯化奎宁相似，程度通常为轻微至中度。^[3]其中很少会出现肝病或粒细胞减少症（英语：Agranulocytosis）（白细胞减少症）。^[2]过量服用后，可能会发生头痛、视力障碍、癫痫发作和心搏停止。^[2]WHO建议孕妇可在怀孕中期和晚期，以及于哺乳期使用，但报告指出在怀孕早期使用，是否对于胎儿有害，证据仍然不足。^[7]

阿莫地奎于1948年开始生产。^[8]它已被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中。^[9]^[10]

欧盟或美国等国家因为阿莫待奎的副作用而不再使用，WHO于1990年将其由其疟疾控制计划中剔除。^[11]但此药物仍在其他地区（包括非洲^[12] 和大洋洲）使用。^[11]

医疗用途[编辑]

阿莫待奎是非洲于疟疾联合疗法中的重要药物。^[13]它通常与青蒿琥酯联合使用，称为青蒿素联合疗法（ACT），以治疗尚未出现并发症的恶性疟原虫疟疾。^[14]

此药物也可与磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶（复方剂）联合使用。^[15]^[16]

非洲迄2006年已有39个国家更新其国家药物政策，将青蒿素联合疗法 (ACT) 纳入疟疾病例管理指南。口服青蒿素不仅可单独使用 (对于非抗药性疟疾)，也可与其他长效抗疟疾药物，例如阿莫待奎、美尔奎宁、磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶或是苯芴醇组合使用，达到ACT疗法的目的。^[17]

阿莫待奎也可对抗具氯化奎宁抗药性的恶性疟原虫菌株，但其对抗氯化奎宁抗药性菌株的活性存有地域上的差异。^[18]^[19]

与其他药物交互作用[编辑]

有报导称接受齐多夫定或依法韦伦以治疗艾滋病的患者，当同时采含阿莫待奎的ACT方案时，其肝脏毒性会增加，因此建议此类人避免使用阿莫待奎。^[14]

药物动力学和药物遗传学[编辑]

阿莫待奎因为会经过肝脏广泛的首过效应，在人体中的生物半衰期为5.3–7.7小时。^[20]阿莫待奎主要以去乙基阿莫待奎（N-desethylamodiaquine）的形式由胆汁排出。^[20]

此药物经由细胞色素P450中的CYP2C8（英语：CYP2C8）酵素在肝脏被生物转化为主要代谢物 - 去乙基阿莫待奎。在阿莫待奎使用者中，已有几种罕见但严重的副作用发生，这些副作用与CYP2C8等位基因的变异有关。阿莫待奎代谢不良的人在疟疾的治疗效果会较低，且毒性会增加。^[21]目前已进行几项研究来确定于东非的疟疾患者中，其CYP2C8等位基因的盛行率，初步显示变异等位基因在此地有显著的盛行率。^[22]有约3.6%的受研究族群在接受阿莫待奎治疗时表现出不良反应升高或治疗结果降低的风险。这些资讯对于在东非制定药物安全计划（英语：pharmacovigilance）时有其用处，且对于在CYP2C8同位基因变异频率高的地区开立抗疟药物处方时会将其作为重要的临床考虑。

参见[编辑]

FGI-104（英语：FGI-104），此实验性药物的结构与阿莫待奎相似

参考文献[编辑]

^ Amodiaquine. drugs.com. [2016-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-27）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nair A, Abrahamsson B, Barends DM, Groot DW, Kopp S, Polli JE, et al. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: amodiaquine hydrochloride. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. December 2012, 101 (12): 4390–4401. PMID 22949374. doi:10.1002/jps.23312.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Olliaro P, Mussano P. Amodiaquine for treating malaria. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003, (2): CD000016. PMC 6532704 . PMID 12804382. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000016.
^ Seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in children: a field guide. (PDF). Geneva: The World Health Organization. August 2013. ISBN 978-92-4-150473-7.
^ Conteh, Lesong; Patouillard, Edith. Cost effectiveness of seasonal intermittent preventive treatment using amodiaquine & artesunate or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Ghanaian children. PLoS. 2010-08-17, 5 (8) [2024-05-16]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012223.
^ Pharmacology and Therapeutics Principles to Practice（2008）. Elsevier Inc. [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-1-4160-3291-5.
^ WHO Guidelines for malaria. www.who.int. [2024-01-22] （英语）.
^ Ahmad I, Ahmad T, Usmanghani K. Amodiaquine hydrochloride. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients 21. Academic Press. 1992: 45. ISBN 978-0-08-086116-6. doi:10.1016/S0099-5428(08)60388-3. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）（英语）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771 . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. hdl:10665/345533 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Fifteenth Edition). Elsevier Science. 2006 [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-0-444-51005-1.
^ Amodiaquine. Livertox. [2016-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-27）.
^ Kerb R, Fux R, Mörike K, Kremsner PG, Gil JP, Gleiter CH, Schwab M. Pharmacogenetics of antimalarial drugs: effect on metabolism and transport. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. December 2009, 9 (12): 760–774. PMID 19926036. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70320-2.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria 3rd. World Health Organization. 2015. ISBN 978-92-4-154912-7. hdl:10665/162441 .
^ Staedke SG, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Gasasira A, Ndeezi G, Charlebois ED, Rosenthal PJ. Amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. August 2001, 358 (9279): 368–374. PMID 11502317. S2CID 42745422. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05557-X.
^ World Health Organization. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in children: a field guide. World Health Organization. 2013. ISBN 978-92-4-150473-7. hdl:10665/85726 .
^ Odunfa, OO; Adegoke, OA. Pharmaceutical Equivalence of Some Commercial Samples of Artesunate and Amodiaquine Tablets Sold in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. December 2009, 8 (6): 491–499 [2024-05-16].
^ Amodiaquine. PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2016-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-29）.
^ Bennett, John Eugene; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (编). 41 - Antimalarial Drugs. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases Ninth. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2020: 519–534. ISBN 978-0-323-48255-4.
^ ^20.0 ^20.1 Antimalarial Agents Design and Mechanism of Action （2020）. Elsevier Ltd. [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-0-08-101210-9.
^ Elyazar IR, Hay SI, Baird JK. Malaria distribution, prevalence, drug resistance and control in Indonesia. Advances in Parasitology. April 2011, 74 (74): 41–175. ISBN 978-0-12-385897-9. PMC 3075886 . PMID 21295677. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-385897-9.00002-1.
^ Roederer MW, McLeod H, Juliano JJ. Can pharmacogenomics improve malaria drug policy?. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. November 2011, 89 (11): 838–845. PMC 3209725 . PMID 22084530. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.087320.

外部链接[编辑]

Amodiaquine. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Scholia上有关阿莫地喹（Q239569）的信息

Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators

{{draft categories|

[1] Amodiaquine. drugs.com. [2016-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-27）.

[Na2012-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nair A, Abrahamsson B, Barends DM, Groot DW, Kopp S, Polli JE, et al. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: amodiaquine hydrochloride. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. December 2012, 101 (12): 4390–4401. PMID 22949374. doi:10.1002/jps.23312.

[Co2003-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Olliaro P, Mussano P. Amodiaquine for treating malaria. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003, (2): CD000016. PMC 6532704 . PMID 12804382. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000016.

[4] Seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in children: a field guide. (PDF). Geneva: The World Health Organization. August 2013. ISBN 978-92-4-150473-7.

[5] Conteh, Lesong; Patouillard, Edith. Cost effectiveness of seasonal intermittent preventive treatment using amodiaquine & artesunate or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Ghanaian children. PLoS. 2010-08-17, 5 (8) [2024-05-16]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012223.

[6] Pharmacology and Therapeutics Principles to Practice（2008）. Elsevier Inc. [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-1-4160-3291-5.

[7] WHO Guidelines for malaria. www.who.int. [2024-01-22] （英语）.

[8] Ahmad I, Ahmad T, Usmanghani K. Amodiaquine hydrochloride. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients 21. Academic Press. 1992: 45. ISBN 978-0-08-086116-6. doi:10.1016/S0099-5428(08)60388-3. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）（英语）.

[WHO21st-9] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771 . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[WHO22nd-10] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. hdl:10665/345533 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

[Elsevier_Science-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Fifteenth Edition). Elsevier Science. 2006 [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-0-444-51005-1.

[12] Amodiaquine. Livertox. [2016-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-27）.

[13] Kerb R, Fux R, Mörike K, Kremsner PG, Gil JP, Gleiter CH, Schwab M. Pharmacogenetics of antimalarial drugs: effect on metabolism and transport. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. December 2009, 9 (12): 760–774. PMID 19926036. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70320-2.

[:02-14] 14.0 ^14.1 World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria 3rd. World Health Organization. 2015. ISBN 978-92-4-154912-7. hdl:10665/162441 .

[15] Staedke SG, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Gasasira A, Ndeezi G, Charlebois ED, Rosenthal PJ. Amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. August 2001, 358 (9279): 368–374. PMID 11502317. S2CID 42745422. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05557-X.

[16] World Health Organization. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in children: a field guide. World Health Organization. 2013. ISBN 978-92-4-150473-7. hdl:10665/85726 .

[17] Odunfa, OO; Adegoke, OA. Pharmaceutical Equivalence of Some Commercial Samples of Artesunate and Amodiaquine Tablets Sold in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. December 2009, 8 (6): 491–499 [2024-05-16].

[18] Amodiaquine. PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2016-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-29）.

[19] Bennett, John Eugene; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (编). 41 - Antimalarial Drugs. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases Ninth. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2020: 519–534. ISBN 978-0-323-48255-4.

[Mechanism-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Antimalarial Agents Design and Mechanism of Action （2020）. Elsevier Ltd. [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-0-08-101210-9.

[21] Elyazar IR, Hay SI, Baird JK. Malaria distribution, prevalence, drug resistance and control in Indonesia. Advances in Parasitology. April 2011, 74 (74): 41–175. ISBN 978-0-12-385897-9. PMC 3075886 . PMID 21295677. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-385897-9.00002-1.

[22] Roederer MW, McLeod H, Juliano JJ. Can pharmacogenomics improve malaria drug policy?. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. November 2011, 89 (11): 838–845. PMC 3209725 . PMID 22084530. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.087320.

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