食海綿動物

食海綿動物（英語：Spongivore）是生物學中以海綿為食物的動物，在海龜中的玳瑁尤其常見。玳瑁演化出堅硬尖銳的嘴，使得牠們能夠到達珊瑚礁的縫隙中獲取海綿。^[1] 加勒比玳瑁種群有高達95%的食物來自海綿構成。^[2]

主刺蓋魚（Pomacanthus imperator）^[3]^[4]、斑點稜箱魨（Lactophrys bicaudalis）^[5]和墨西哥灣冠鱗單棘魨（Stephanolepis hispidus）^[6]也是已知的食海綿珊瑚礁魚類，其中蓋刺魚科的三色刺蝶魚食用海綿佔其食物的96%。^[7] 已知某些種類的裸鰓類動物選擇性地以特定海綿為食。^[8]

參考資料

^ Species Booklet: Hawksbill sea turtle. Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information Service. Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries. [2007-02-06]. （原始內容存檔於2006-09-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
^ Meylan, Anne. Spongivory in Hawksbill Turtles: A Diet of Glass. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1988-01-12, 239 (4838): 393–395. JSTOR 1700236. PMID 17836872. doi:10.1126/science.239.4838.393.
^ Thacker, Robert W.; Mikel A. Becerro; Wilfred A. Lumbang; Valerie J. Paula. Allelopathic interactions between sponges on a tropical reef (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/239/4838/393 – ^{Scholar search}). Ecology (Ecological Society of America). 1997-08-19, 79 (5): 1740–1750 [2007-02-16]. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1740:AIBSOA]2.0.CO;2. ^{[失效連結]} http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079%5B1740:AIBSOA%5D2.0.CO;2^{[失效連結]}
^ Ferreira, C. E. L.; S. R. Floeter; J. L. Gasparini; B. P. Ferreira; J. C. Joyeux. Trophic structure patterns of Brazilian reef fishes: a latitudinal comparison. Journal of Biogeography (Blackwell Publishing). 2004, 31 (7): 1093–1106. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01044.x.
^ Wulff, Janie L. Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function. Ecological Monographs (Wiley). 2021-02-04, 91 (2). ISSN 0012-9615. doi:10.1002/ecm.1438.
^ Mancera-Rodríguez, Néstor Javier; Castro-Hernández, José Juan. Feeding ecology of the planehead filefish Stephanolepis hispidus (Pisces: Monacanthidae), in the Canary Islands area. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía: 221–234. [2022-01-14]. ISSN 0717-3326. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-14）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
^ C.J., Padilla Verdín; J.L., Carballo; M.L., Camacho. A Qualitative Assessment of Sponge-Feeding Organisms from the Mexican Pacific Coast. The Open Marine Biology Journal. 2010-10-12, 4 (1): 43 [2022-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
^ Penney, Brian K. How specialized are the diets of Northeastern Pacific sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs?. Journal of Molluscan Studies (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2013, 79 (1): 64–73. ISSN 0260-1230. doi:10.1093/mollus/eys038.

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[VDGIF-1] Species Booklet: Hawksbill sea turtle. Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information Service. Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries. [2007-02-06]. （原始內容存檔於2006-09-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[ScienceSpongi-2] Meylan, Anne. Spongivory in Hawksbill Turtles: A Diet of Glass. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1988-01-12, 239 (4838): 393–395. JSTOR 1700236. PMID 17836872. doi:10.1126/science.239.4838.393.

[Angel1-3] Thacker, Robert W.; Mikel A. Becerro; Wilfred A. Lumbang; Valerie J. Paula. Allelopathic interactions between sponges on a tropical reef (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/239/4838/393 – ^{Scholar search}). Ecology (Ecological Society of America). 1997-08-19, 79 (5): 1740–1750 [2007-02-16]. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1740:AIBSOA]2.0.CO;2. ^{[失效連結]} http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079%5B1740:AIBSOA%5D2.0.CO;2^{[失效連結]}

[Angel2-4] Ferreira, C. E. L.; S. R. Floeter; J. L. Gasparini; B. P. Ferreira; J. C. Joyeux. Trophic structure patterns of Brazilian reef fishes: a latitudinal comparison. Journal of Biogeography (Blackwell Publishing). 2004, 31 (7): 1093–1106. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01044.x.

[Wulff_p.-5] Wulff, Janie L. Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function. Ecological Monographs (Wiley). 2021-02-04, 91 (2). ISSN 0012-9615. doi:10.1002/ecm.1438.

[Mancera-Rodríguez_Castro-Hernández_pp._221–234-6] Mancera-Rodríguez, Néstor Javier; Castro-Hernández, José Juan. Feeding ecology of the planehead filefish Stephanolepis hispidus (Pisces: Monacanthidae), in the Canary Islands area. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía: 221–234. [2022-01-14]. ISSN 0717-3326. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-14）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[C.J._J.L._M.L._2010_p.-7] C.J., Padilla Verdín; J.L., Carballo; M.L., Camacho. A Qualitative Assessment of Sponge-Feeding Organisms from the Mexican Pacific Coast. The Open Marine Biology Journal. 2010-10-12, 4 (1): 43 [2022-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[Penney_2013_pp._64–73-8] Penney, Brian K. How specialized are the diets of Northeastern Pacific sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs?. Journal of Molluscan Studies (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2013, 79 (1): 64–73. ISSN 0260-1230. doi:10.1093/mollus/eys038.

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