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史超域·古連

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史超域·古連
Stewart Culin
史超域·古連,攝於1920年
出生羅伯特·史超域·古連
Robert Stewart Culin

(1858-07-13)1858年7月13日
賓夕法尼亞州費城
逝世1929年4月8日(1929歲—04—08)(70歲)
紐約州長島阿米蒂維爾英語Amityville, New York
職業民族學家

史超域·古連Stewart Culin,1858年7月13日—1929年4月8日),美國民族學家,也是著名的傳統棋牌遊戲研究者。

生平

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出生在費城,求學於賓州。費城的印地安人與美國華人勞工是他最早的民族學研究對象,並對他們所玩的局戲、牌戲深感興趣, 而邁入對各地傳統遊戲的收集與研究。

古連在芝加哥哥倫布紀念博覽會展覽各種棋牌遊戲,遇到Frank Hamilton Cushing英語Frank Hamilton Cushing,以後兩人就一起研究。

1892年,古連在賓州大學考古學與人類學博物館當任主管。1895年,他寫出第一本著作:《高麗遊戲》(Korean Games),短短幾年又寫《印地安遊戲》(American Indian Games)、《夏威夷遊戲》(Hawaiian Games)、《菲律賓遊戲》(Philippine Games ) 。

1903年,古連成為布魯克林博物館中人類學部門的館長。

古連著作頗多,他和務謹順等人對麻雀等中國牌戲的研究至今也是重要書目。

部分著作

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投稿

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  • (1889). Chinese Games with Dice. Philadelphia: Oriental Club of Philadelphia. 21pp.[1]
  • (1890 March). Italian Marionettes. Journal of American Folklore, 155-157.
  • (1891). Gambling Games of the Chinese in America. University of Pennsylvania Series in Philology, Literature and Archaeology 1 (4). 17pp.[2]
  • (1891). Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn. Journal of American Folklore 4, 221-237.[3]
  • (1893). Chinese Games with Dice and Dominoes. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1893, 491-537[4]
  • (1893). Exhibition of Games in the Columbian Exposition. Journal of American Folklore vol. 6, no. 22, 205-227.
  • (1894). Mancala, the National Game of Africa. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1894, 597-606[5]
  • (1896). Chess and Playing-Cards. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1896, 665-942.
  • (1898 October). American Indian Games. Journal of American Folklore, 245-252.[6]
  • (1899). Hawaiian Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 1 (2), 201-247.
  • (1900). Philippine Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 2, 643-656.[7]
  • (1903). American Indian Games. American Anthropologist (ns) 5, 58-64.
  • (1920 October). Japanese Game of Sugoroku. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 7, 213-233.
  • (1924 October). Game of Ma-Jong. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 11, 153-168.[8]
  • (1925 July). Japanese Swinging Bat Game (paper). Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 12, 133-150.
  • (1925 July). Japanese Game of Battledore and Shuttlecock. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly 12, 133-150.

書籍

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  • Culin, Stewart; University of Pennsylvania Press(1895). Korean Games With Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. (Ed. 1958/1960) Games of The Orient. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. 177 pages. (Ed. 1991) Korean Games With Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. Dover Publications. 256 pp. ISBN 0-486-26593-5.
  • Culin, Stewart (1907). 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: Games of North American Indians. Washington DC: US gov Printing Office. 846 pp. (rev. ed. 1975 ) Dover Publications. 867 pp. ISBN 0-486-23125-9. (1994) University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-6357-0

傳記

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  • Bronner Simon J. (1985)"Stewart Culin, Museum Magician." Pennsylvania Heritage 11, no. 3 (Summer), 4-11
  • Bronner Simon J. (1989) Object Lessons: The Work of Ethnological Museums and Collections, in Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display of Goods in America, 1880-1920, ed. Simon J. Bronner, 217-254. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Lawrence, Deirdre E. (1989 July). Culin: Collector and Documentor of the World he saw

參考資料

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  1. ^ Chinese Games With Dice. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2006-08-27). 
  2. ^ Gambling Games of the Chinese in America. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-03-11). 
  3. ^ Street Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-03-26). 
  4. ^ Chinese Games With Dice and Dominoes. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-31 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-07-31). 
  5. ^ Mancala, The National Game of Africa. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-10 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-02-15). 
  6. ^ American Indian Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-29 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2011-07-24). 
  7. ^ Philippine Games. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2011-07-24). 
  8. ^ The Game of Ma-Jong. Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. 2010-01-30 [2012-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-03-26).