一氫化硼

一氫化硼
	IUPAC名; λ1-borane
識別
CAS號	13766-26-2
PubChem	6397184; 11094539; 58594784
ChemSpider	4910333
SMILES	[BH];
InChI	1S/BH/h1H;
InChIKey	UWBOAQKPEXKXSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Gmelin	33
ChEBI	38983
性質
化學式	HB
摩爾質量	11.82 g·mol−1
熱力學
ΔfHm⦵298K	442.7
S⦵298K	172
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

一氫化硼，又稱硼烷(1)或甲硼烯，是一種不穩定的硼的氫化物，化學式 BH。

產生[編輯]

一氫化硼可以由紫外線照射羰基甲硼烷而成。

BH₃CO → BH + CH₂O^[2]

當硼化合物在氫氣存在下被加熱到高溫時，就會形成一氫化硼。^[3]

硼陰離子B⁻ 和氫陽離子 H⁺反應也會形成一氫化硼。它也可以由硼原子和氫氣反應而成。

B + H₂ → BH + H

BH₂ 的反應能量太大，不穩定。^[4]

一氫化硼可能存在於太陽黑子中，^[5]不過直到 2008年仍未被檢測到。^[6]

性質[編輯]

一氫化硼的電離能為 9.77 eV。^[7]在基態下，它的鍵解離能為 81.5 kcal/mol。^[8]一氫化硼的電子親和能為 0.3 eV，形成 HB⁻離子。^[9]

在基態下，一氫化硼的偶極矩是 1.27 德拜，第一激發態 A¹Π 的一氫化硼則為 0.58 德拜。^[10]

儘管 BH 是閉殼分子，但它是順磁性，這與溫度無關。^[11]

反應[編輯]

大量的一氫化硼並不穩定，在 20 托的氣壓下，會在 20 ns 的時間迅速消失。^[12] 一氫化硼會和氧氣反應，產物可能是 HBO。^[2]一氫化硼不和甲烷反應，但它會和丙烷反應，形成 C₃H₇BH₂。它和一氧化氮反應，可能產生 HBO 和HBNO。一氫化硼會和雙鍵加成，也會和水反應。^[2]

一氫化硼可以以聚一氫化硼固體的形式出現，它在空氣中會自燃。^[13]

一氫化硼在50 GPa時，預測會形成空間群Ibam 的固體，在超過 168 GPa時，會形成空間群為 P6/mmm的金屬態。^[14]

參考資料[編輯]

^ GROMACS Molecule Database - boron-monohydride. virtualchemistry.org. [2021-07-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Garland, Nancy L.; Stanton, C. T.; Fleming, James W.; Baronavski, A. P.; Nelson, H. H. Boron monohydride reaction kinetics studied with a high-temperature reactor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. June 1990, 94 (12): 4952–4956. doi:10.1021/j100375a036.
^ Abad, Carlos; Florek, Stefan; Becker-Ross, Helmut; Huang, Mao-Dong; Heinrich, Hans-Joachim; Recknagel, Sebastian; Vogl, Jochen; Jakubowski, Norbert; Panne, Ulrich. Determination of boron isotope ratios by high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry using graphite furnace vaporizers. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. October 2017, 136: 116–122. Bibcode:2017AcSpe.136..116A. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.08.012.
^ Yang, Xuefeng; Dagdigian, Paul J. Chemiluminescence spectra and cross sections for the reaction of boron(4p 2P) with hydrogen and deuterium. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1993, 97 (17): 4270–4276. ISSN 0022-3654. doi:10.1021/j100119a006 （英語）.
^ Engvold, O. The diatomic molecules BH, BN, and BO in sunspots and the solar abundance of boron. Solar Physics. February 1970, 11 (2): 183–197. Bibcode:1970SoPh...11..183E. S2CID 119720128. doi:10.1007/BF00155219.
^ Karthikeyan, B; Bagare, S; Rajamanickam, N; Raja, V. On the search for BF, BH and BS molecular lines in sunspot spectra. Astroparticle Physics. February 2009, 31 (1): 6–12. Bibcode:2009APh....31....6K. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.10.009.
^ Haynes, William M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition. CRC Press. 2012: 10–200 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9781439880494. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）（英語）.
^ Bauschlicher, Charles W.; Langhoff, Stephen R.; Taylor, Peter R. On the dissociation energy of BH. The Journal of Chemical Physics. July 1990, 93 (1): 502–506. Bibcode:1990JChPh..93..502B. doi:10.1063/1.459550.
^ Reid, C.J. Electron affinities of BH, B2, BC and BN molecules determined using charge inversion spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. August 1993, 127: 147–160. Bibcode:1993IJMSI.127..147R. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(93)87087-9.
^ Thomson, Ritchie; Dalby, F. W. An experimental determination of the dipole moments of the X ( 1 Σ) and A ( 1 Π) states of the BH molecule. Canadian Journal of Physics. June 1969, 47 (11): 1155–1158. Bibcode:1969CaJPh..47.1155T. doi:10.1139/p69-144.
^ Fowler, P.W.; Steiner, E. Paramagnetic closed-shell molecules: the isoelectronic series CH + , BH and BeH -. Molecular Physics. 20 December 1991, 74 (6): 1147–1158. Bibcode:1991MolPh..74.1147F. doi:10.1080/00268979100102871.
^ Bauer, S. H. Oxidation of B, BH, BH3, and BmHn Species: Thermochemistry and Kinetics. Chemical Reviews. January 1996, 96 (6): 1907–1916. PMID 11848815. doi:10.1021/cr941034q.
^ Urben, Peter. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Elsevier. 2013: 71 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9780080523408. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）（英語）.
^ Hu, Chao-Hao; Oganov, Artem R.; Zhu, Qiang; Qian, Guang-Rui; Frapper, Gilles; Lyakhov, Andriy O.; Zhou, Huai-Ying. Pressure-Induced Stabilization and Insulator-Superconductor Transition of BH. Physical Review Letters. 19 April 2013, 110 (16): 165504. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110p5504H. PMID 23679618. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.165504 .
^ Chen, Wen-Ching; Lee, Ching-Yu; Lin, Bo-Chao; Hsu, Yu-Chen; Shen, Jiun-Shian; Hsu, Chao-Ping; Yap, Glenn P. A.; Ong, Tiow-Gan. The Elusive Three-Coordinate Dicationic Hydrido Boron Complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 10 January 2014, 136 (3): 914–917. PMID 24383448. doi:10.1021/ja4120852.
^ Vargas-Baca, Ignacio; Findlater, Michael; Powell, Adam; Vasudevan, Kalyan V.; Cowley, Alan H. Boron di- and tri-cations. Dalton Transactions. 2008, (45): 6421–6. PMID 19002329. doi:10.1039/b810575h.

[1] GROMACS Molecule Database - boron-monohydride. virtualchemistry.org. [2021-07-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）.

[garl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Garland, Nancy L.; Stanton, C. T.; Fleming, James W.; Baronavski, A. P.; Nelson, H. H. Boron monohydride reaction kinetics studied with a high-temperature reactor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. June 1990, 94 (12): 4952–4956. doi:10.1021/j100375a036.

[abad-3] Abad, Carlos; Florek, Stefan; Becker-Ross, Helmut; Huang, Mao-Dong; Heinrich, Hans-Joachim; Recknagel, Sebastian; Vogl, Jochen; Jakubowski, Norbert; Panne, Ulrich. Determination of boron isotope ratios by high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry using graphite furnace vaporizers. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. October 2017, 136: 116–122. Bibcode:2017AcSpe.136..116A. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.08.012.

[4] Yang, Xuefeng; Dagdigian, Paul J. Chemiluminescence spectra and cross sections for the reaction of boron(4p 2P) with hydrogen and deuterium. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1993, 97 (17): 4270–4276. ISSN 0022-3654. doi:10.1021/j100119a006 （英語）.

[5] Engvold, O. The diatomic molecules BH, BN, and BO in sunspots and the solar abundance of boron. Solar Physics. February 1970, 11 (2): 183–197. Bibcode:1970SoPh...11..183E. S2CID 119720128. doi:10.1007/BF00155219.

[6] Karthikeyan, B; Bagare, S; Rajamanickam, N; Raja, V. On the search for BF, BH and BS molecular lines in sunspot spectra. Astroparticle Physics. February 2009, 31 (1): 6–12. Bibcode:2009APh....31....6K. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.10.009.

[7] Haynes, William M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition. CRC Press. 2012: 10–200 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9781439880494. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）（英語）.

[8] Bauschlicher, Charles W.; Langhoff, Stephen R.; Taylor, Peter R. On the dissociation energy of BH. The Journal of Chemical Physics. July 1990, 93 (1): 502–506. Bibcode:1990JChPh..93..502B. doi:10.1063/1.459550.

[9] Reid, C.J. Electron affinities of BH, B2, BC and BN molecules determined using charge inversion spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. August 1993, 127: 147–160. Bibcode:1993IJMSI.127..147R. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(93)87087-9.

[thom-10] Thomson, Ritchie; Dalby, F. W. An experimental determination of the dipole moments of the X ( 1 Σ) and A ( 1 Π) states of the BH molecule. Canadian Journal of Physics. June 1969, 47 (11): 1155–1158. Bibcode:1969CaJPh..47.1155T. doi:10.1139/p69-144.

[11] Fowler, P.W.; Steiner, E. Paramagnetic closed-shell molecules: the isoelectronic series CH + , BH and BeH -. Molecular Physics. 20 December 1991, 74 (6): 1147–1158. Bibcode:1991MolPh..74.1147F. doi:10.1080/00268979100102871.

[12] Bauer, S. H. Oxidation of B, BH, BH3, and BmHn Species: Thermochemistry and Kinetics. Chemical Reviews. January 1996, 96 (6): 1907–1916. PMID 11848815. doi:10.1021/cr941034q.

[13] Urben, Peter. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Elsevier. 2013: 71 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9780080523408. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-10）（英語）.

[14] Hu, Chao-Hao; Oganov, Artem R.; Zhu, Qiang; Qian, Guang-Rui; Frapper, Gilles; Lyakhov, Andriy O.; Zhou, Huai-Ying. Pressure-Induced Stabilization and Insulator-Superconductor Transition of BH. Physical Review Letters. 19 April 2013, 110 (16): 165504. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110p5504H. PMID 23679618. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.165504 .

[15] Chen, Wen-Ching; Lee, Ching-Yu; Lin, Bo-Chao; Hsu, Yu-Chen; Shen, Jiun-Shian; Hsu, Chao-Ping; Yap, Glenn P. A.; Ong, Tiow-Gan. The Elusive Three-Coordinate Dicationic Hydrido Boron Complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 10 January 2014, 136 (3): 914–917. PMID 24383448. doi:10.1021/ja4120852.

[16] Vargas-Baca, Ignacio; Findlater, Michael; Powell, Adam; Vasudevan, Kalyan V.; Cowley, Alan H. Boron di- and tri-cations. Dalton Transactions. 2008, (45): 6421–6. PMID 19002329. doi:10.1039/b810575h.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

產生[編輯]

性質[編輯]

反應[編輯]

相關離子[編輯]

參考資料[編輯]