鬣齿兽科

鬣齿兽科; 化石时期：晚古新世至晚中新世
	鬣齿兽的头颅骨。
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	†鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta
科：	†鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae
属
	参见内文;

鬣齿兽科（学名：Hyaenodontidae）是已灭绝的肉齿目下的一科，其下包含了几十属的动物。

鬣齿兽科于古新世晚期出现，并一直繁衍至中新世。^[1]它们比相关的牛鬣兽科分布更为广泛及成功。^[2]它们有长的头颅骨，幼长的身体，及倾向于跖行。它们肩高约30-140厘米。^[2]当中的巨鬣齿兽可以重约500公斤，而大部份介乎于5-15公斤，如中等狗的大小。^[3]它们的头颅骨化石显示它们有敏锐的嗅觉，而牙齿亦很适合撕开食物，而非咬碎。^[2]

由于鬣齿兽科的不同体型，估计它们会以不同的方式来捕猎。细小的可能是成群的在夜间猎食，较大的则可能是单独于日间猎食的。它们的第二上及第三下臼齿是裂肉齿。

鬣齿兽科分布在北美洲至非洲^[4]^[5]，且是渐新世欧亚大陆、非洲及北美洲上非常重要的大型肉食动物，但后来不名食肉目而差不多在渐新世末完全消失。其中只有四个属，包括伟鬣兽属、Hyainailouros、Dissopsalis及鬣齿兽属下的Hyaenodon weilini，生存至中新世，而当中只有Dissopsalis可以延续至中新世末期。

分类学与属[编辑]

鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta
- 鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae^[6]
  - 鬣齿兽亚科 Hyaenodontinae
    - 鬣齿兽属 Hyaenodon
    - Genus Isohyaenodon
    - Genus Metapterodon
    - Genus Neoparapterodon
    - Genus Pyrocyon
  - Subfamily Hyainailourinae
    - Genus Akhnatenavus
    - Genus Anasinopa
    - Genus Apterodon (syn. Dasyurodon)
    - Genus Buhakia
    - Genus Dissopsalis
    - Genus Francotherium
    - Genus Hyainailouros (syn. Sivapterodon),
    - 伟鬣兽属 Megistotherium
    - Genus Metasinopa
    - Genus Pterodon
  - Subfamily Limnocyoninae
    - Genus Iridodon
    - Genus Limnocyon (syn. Telmatocyon)
    - Genus Oxyaenodon
    - Genus Prolimnocyon
    - Genus Thinocyon
  - Subfamily Proviverrinae
    - Genus Allopterodon
    - Genus Arfia
    - Genus Boualitomus
    - Genus Cynohyaenodon
    - Genus Eurotherium
    - Genus Indohyaenodon
    - Genus Kyawdawia
    - Genus Leonhardtina
    - Genus Masrasector
    - Genus Paracynohyaenodon
    - Genus Paratritemnodon
    - Genus Prodissopsalis
    - Genus Prototomus
    - Genus Proviverra
    - Genus Sinopa (syn. Stypolophus, Triacodon)
    - Genus Tinerhodon
  - Incertae sedis
    - Genus Acarictis
    - Genus Alienetherium
    - Genus Consobrinus
    - Genus Galecyon
    - Genus Gazinocyon
    - Genus Geiselotherium
    - Genus Hemipsalodon
    - Genus Hyaenodontipus
    - Genus Imperatoria
    - Genus Ischnognathus
    - Genus Leakitherium
    - Genus Orienspterodon
    - Genus Oxyaenoides
    - Genus Paenoxyaenoides
    - Genus Parapterodon
    - Genus Paravagula
    - Genus Paroxyaena
    - Genus Praecodens
    - Genus Prolaena
    - Genus Propterodon
    - Genus Proviverroides
      Tritemnodon
    - Genus Quasiapterodon
    - Genus Quercitherium
    - Genus Schizophagus
    - Genus Teratodon
    - Genus Thereutherium
    - Genus Tritemnodon
    - Genus Yarshea

The Machaeroidinae are sometimes placed here, e.g. by Egi, 2001.^[7]

类剑齿虎亚科有时亦被分类在鬣齿兽科中。^[3]

参考[编辑]

^ Barry, J. C. Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1988, 48 (1): 25–45.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Lambert, David and the Diagram Group. New York: Facts on File Publications. 1985. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7. |journal=被忽略 (帮助); 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Egi, Naoko. Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology. 2001, 44 (3): 497–528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189.
^ X Wang, ZX Qiu, BY Wang. Hyaenodonts and Carnivorans from the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2005, 8 (1): 6A [2008-05-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-11）.
^ "New Remains of Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) From the Oligocene of Central Mongolia" 存档副本 (PDF). [2008-05-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-08）.
^ The Paleobiology Database Hyaenodontidae page. [2017-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-12）.
^ Egi, Naoko (2001): Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology 44(3): 497-528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189

[barry1988-1] Barry, J. C. Dissopsalis, a middle and late Miocene proviverrine creodont (Mammalia) from Pakistan and Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1988, 48 (1): 25–45.

[lambert1985-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Lambert, David and the Diagram Group. New York: Facts on File Publications. 1985. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7. |journal=被忽略 (帮助); 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)

[egi2001-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Egi, Naoko. Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology. 2001, 44 (3): 497–528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189.

[4] X Wang, ZX Qiu, BY Wang. Hyaenodonts and Carnivorans from the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 2005, 8 (1): 6A [2008-05-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-11）.

[5] "New Remains of Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) From the Oligocene of Central Mongolia" 存档副本 (PDF). [2008-05-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-08）.

[TPBDB-6] The Paleobiology Database Hyaenodontidae page. [2017-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-12）.

[Egi2001-7] Egi, Naoko (2001): Body Mass Estimates in Extinct Mammals from Limb Bone Dimensions: the Case of North American Hyaenodontids. Palaeontology 44(3): 497-528. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189

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