巨腔棘鱼属

巨腔棘鱼属; 化石时期：白垩纪晚期，84.1–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 可能还有土仑期的纪录
	头骨，位于美国落矶山脉恐龙资源中心（英语：Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	腔棘鱼纲 Coelacanthimorpha
目：	腔棘鱼目 Coelacanthiformes
科：	矛尾鱼科 Latimeriidae
属：	†巨腔棘鱼属 Megalocoelacanthus; Schwimmer et al., 1994
模式种
	杜比巨腔棘鱼; Megalocoelacanthus dobiei; Schwimmer, Steward & Williams, 1994
异名
	Megacoelacanthus（误拼）; Schultze et al., 2010;

巨腔棘鱼属（属名：Megalocoelacanthus）是已灭绝的巨型矛尾鱼科腔棘鱼，生活于晚白垩世的桑托期晚期到马斯特里赫特期的河口与近海^[5]，全长估计有3.5至4.5公尺^[1]^[6]，是同时期最大的腔棘鱼^[7]，也是最后的已灭绝腔棘鱼之一^[6]。巨腔棘鱼已被确认的化石皆来自美国东南部，包含阿拉巴马州和乔治亚州的尤托层（英语：Eutaw Formation）、摩尔维尔层（英语：Mooreville Chalk）与布拉夫层（英语：Blufftown Chalk），以及堪萨斯州的尼欧布拉拉层（英语：Niobrara Formation），此外在墨西哥东北部新莱昂州的阿瓜内瓦层（英语：Agua Nueva Formation）也有疑似的化石纪录^[3]，但尚无完整的化石被发现。本属仅有一个物种，即模式种杜比巨腔棘鱼（M. dobiei），得名自两栖爬行动物学家詹姆斯·杜比（James L. Dobie）^[1]。

迄今的谱系分析都显示巨腔棘鱼属于矛尾鱼科，并与欧洲的利比斯腔棘鱼（英语：Libys）存在姐妹群的近亲关系^[5]^[8]^[9]，但同时巨腔棘鱼也有莫森氏鱼科的部分共有衍征^[6]。而巨腔棘鱼又以不具牙齿的下颌骨，以及密布细小粒状突起的喙状骨（英语：Fish jaw#Lower），而有别于其他的矛尾鱼类^[5]。此特征可能代表巨腔棘鱼以吸食的方式摄食，或以浮游生物为食^[6]。由于巨腔棘鱼化石所在的地层包含沿岸深海、沿岸浅海至河口的沉积环境，对海水深度与盐度的适应范围可能都相当广；而若墨西哥的化石纪录属于巨腔棘鱼，从化石分布推测，巨腔棘鱼在白垩纪晚期的西部内陆海道南部至古墨西哥湾一带海域可能是相当常见的鱼类^[5]。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Schwimmer, D. R.; Stewart, J. D.; Williams, G. D. Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States. Geology. 1994, 22: 503–506 [2019-05-21]. ISSN 0091-7613. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0503:GFCOTL>2.3.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2020-04-22）.
^ Harrell, T. L., Jr.; Pérez-Huerta, A.; Phillips, G. Strontium isotope age-dating of fossil shark tooth enameloid from the Upper Cretaceous Strata of Alabama and Mississippi, USA (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 2016, 62: 1–12 [2021-04-16]. ISSN 1095-998X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.01.011. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-16）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Schultze, H.-P.; Fuchs, D.; Giersch, S.; Ifrim, C.; Stinnesbeck, W. Palaeoctopus pelagicus from the Turonian of Mexico reinterpreted as a coelacanth (Sarcopterygian) gular plate. Palaeontology. 2010, 53 (3): 689–694. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00943.x.
^ Núñez-Useche, F.; Canet, C.; Barragán, R.; Alfonso, P. Bioevents and redox conditions around the Cenomanian–Turonian anoxic event in Central Mexico. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology: 205–226. [2021-04-16]. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.035. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Dutel, H.; Malsey, J. G.; Schwimmer, D. R.; Janvier, P.; Herbin, M.; Clément, G. The Giant Cretaceous Coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) Megalocoelacanthus dobiei Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams, 1994, and Its Bearing on Latimerioidei Interrelationships. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (11): e49911 [2021-09-24]. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049911. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Schwimmer, D. R. Megalocoelacanthus dobiei: morphological, range and ecological descriptions of the youngest fossil marine coelacanth. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2006, 26 (sup003): 122A. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2006.10010069.
^ Molina-Pérez, R.; Larramendi, A. Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs. (译) Donaghey, J. Princeton University Press. 2020: 96. ISBN 978-0-691-19069-3.
^ Cavin, L.; Mennecart, B.; Obrist, C.; Costeur, L.; Furrer, H. Heterochronic evolution explains novel body shape in a Triassic coelacanth from Switzerland. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7: 13695. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5651877 . PMID 29057913. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13796-0.
^ Toriño, P. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of coelacanth fishes (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) with comments on the composition of the Mawsoniidae and Latimeriidae: evaluating old and new methodological challenges and constraints. Historical Biology. 2021,. in press. ISSN 1029-2381. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1867982.

[Schwimmer1994-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Schwimmer, D. R.; Stewart, J. D.; Williams, G. D. Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States. Geology. 1994, 22: 503–506 [2019-05-21]. ISSN 0091-7613. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0503:GFCOTL>2.3.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2020-04-22）.

[Harrell2016-2] Harrell, T. L., Jr.; Pérez-Huerta, A.; Phillips, G. Strontium isotope age-dating of fossil shark tooth enameloid from the Upper Cretaceous Strata of Alabama and Mississippi, USA (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 2016, 62: 1–12 [2021-04-16]. ISSN 1095-998X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.01.011. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-16）.

[Schultze2010-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Schultze, H.-P.; Fuchs, D.; Giersch, S.; Ifrim, C.; Stinnesbeck, W. Palaeoctopus pelagicus from the Turonian of Mexico reinterpreted as a coelacanth (Sarcopterygian) gular plate. Palaeontology. 2010, 53 (3): 689–694. ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00943.x.

[Núñez-Useche2016-4] Núñez-Useche, F.; Canet, C.; Barragán, R.; Alfonso, P. Bioevents and redox conditions around the Cenomanian–Turonian anoxic event in Central Mexico. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology: 205–226. [2021-04-16]. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.035. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.

[Dutel2012-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Dutel, H.; Malsey, J. G.; Schwimmer, D. R.; Janvier, P.; Herbin, M.; Clément, G. The Giant Cretaceous Coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) Megalocoelacanthus dobiei Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams, 1994, and Its Bearing on Latimerioidei Interrelationships. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (11): e49911 [2021-09-24]. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049911. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.

[Schwimmer2006-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Schwimmer, D. R. Megalocoelacanthus dobiei: morphological, range and ecological descriptions of the youngest fossil marine coelacanth. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2006, 26 (sup003): 122A. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2006.10010069.

[Molina-Pérez-7] Molina-Pérez, R.; Larramendi, A. Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs. (译) Donaghey, J. Princeton University Press. 2020: 96. ISBN 978-0-691-19069-3.

[Cavin2017-8] Cavin, L.; Mennecart, B.; Obrist, C.; Costeur, L.; Furrer, H. Heterochronic evolution explains novel body shape in a Triassic coelacanth from Switzerland. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7: 13695. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5651877 . PMID 29057913. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13796-0.

[Toriño2021-9] Toriño, P. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of coelacanth fishes (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) with comments on the composition of the Mawsoniidae and Latimeriidae: evaluating old and new methodological challenges and constraints. Historical Biology. 2021,. in press. ISSN 1029-2381. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1867982.

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