叠音脱落

叠音脱落（又译重复音缩略、同音简缩，英语：haplology，此词源自古希腊语 ἁπλός(haplos/简单)及 λόγος(lógos/讲话)）定义上指两个连续且相同，或相似的音节出现时、其中的一个音节被消除。这种现象由美国语言学家莫里斯·布卢姆菲尔德(Maurice Bloomfield)在20世纪指出。^[1]由于单词"haplology"本身符合叠音脱落的条件，所以语言学家有时开玩笑地把它叫做"haplogy"。^[1]

范例[编辑]

巴斯克语: sagarrardo > sagardo ('苹果西打')
荷兰语: narcissisme > narcisme ('自恋狂')
英语:
- Engla land > England ^[1]
- morphophonology > morphonology^[2]
- coercitive (过时的拼写) > coercive^[3]
- mono nomial > monomial
- 口语(非标准拼法由<*>标记出):
  - library (RP: /ˈlaɪbrərɪ/) > *libry /ˈlaɪbrɪ/
  - particularly > *particuly
  - pierced-ear earrings > pierced earrings ^[1]
  - probably > *probly
  - February > *Febury, *Febuary
  - * preventative > preventive^[4]
  - representative > * representive
  - authoritative > * authoritive
拉丁语: nutritrix > nutrix '护士'
生物拉丁语:
- Hamamelididae (不允许拼写为: Hamamelidae)
- Nycterididae > Nycteridae [1]
- Anomalocaridid > Anomalocarid
荷马式希腊语: amphiphoreus > amphoreus '左右手均可的投手' ^[5]
古典阿拉伯语: تتقاتلون tataqātalūna > تقاتلون taqātalūna '你们互相打架' ^[6]
西班牙语: impudicicia > impudicia '缺乏诚信'(这两个词被广泛接受^[7])
噶玛兰语: zina-na > zina ('他(她)说，据说')^[8]
汉语：
- 你存在在我的脑海里 > 你存在我的脑海里
- 抽烟的的东西 > 抽烟的东西
- 公安局局长 > 公安局长
- 小学学生 > 小学生
- 中医医师 > 中医师

注释[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 6, 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. [2008-02-06].
^ Trubetskoy, N.S. Appendix II: Thoughts on Morphonology. Baltaxe (transl.), Christiane A. M. (编). Principles of Phonology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1969: 305. ISBN 0-520-01535-5. By morphonology or morphophonology we understand, as is well known, the study of the utilization in morphology of the phonological means of language. Translated from the German (Grundzüge der Phonologie, Prague, 1939).
^ Oxford English Dictionary online version. November 2010.
^ Preventive - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. [2015-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-10）.
^ Hock, Hans Henrich. Sound change: Dissimilation, haplology, metathesis. Principles of Historical Linguistics. De Gruyter. 1986: 109. ISBN 3-11-010600-0.
^ Kaye, Alan. Arabic. Bernard Comrie (编). The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press. 1987: 567. ISBN 0-19-520521-9.
^ DRAE entry for 'impudicicia'. Diccionario de la Lengua Española Vigésima segunda edición. [2010-11-13].
^ 清水纯,"噶玛兰族神话传说集(Kavalan Myths and Traditions)",南天书局,1993/03.ISBN 957-638-490-7（噶玛兰文）（日语）（中文）（英文）

参考文献[编辑]

Crowley, Terry. (1997) An Introduction to Historical Linguistics. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.

参见[编辑]

字符漏略(Haplography)
荷马式希腊语(Homeric Greek)
语音异化

[M-W-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 6, 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. [2008-02-06].

[2] Trubetskoy, N.S. Appendix II: Thoughts on Morphonology. Baltaxe (transl.), Christiane A. M. (编). Principles of Phonology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1969: 305. ISBN 0-520-01535-5. By morphonology or morphophonology we understand, as is well known, the study of the utilization in morphology of the phonological means of language. Translated from the German (Grundzüge der Phonologie, Prague, 1939).

[3] Oxford English Dictionary online version. November 2010.

[4] Preventive - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. [2015-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-10）.

[5] Hock, Hans Henrich. Sound change: Dissimilation, haplology, metathesis. Principles of Historical Linguistics. De Gruyter. 1986: 109. ISBN 3-11-010600-0.

[6] Kaye, Alan. Arabic. Bernard Comrie (编). The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press. 1987: 567. ISBN 0-19-520521-9.

[7] DRAE entry for 'impudicicia'. Diccionario de la Lengua Española Vigésima segunda edición. [2010-11-13].

[8] 清水纯,"噶玛兰族神话传说集(Kavalan Myths and Traditions)",南天书局,1993/03.ISBN 957-638-490-7（噶玛兰文）（日语）（中文）（英文）

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