User:Walter Grassroot/阿卜杜勒萨拉米·阿布巴卡尔

维基百科，自由的百科全书
General
Abdulsalami Abubakar
11thPresident of Nigeria
任期
9 June 1998—29 May 1999
副总统Mike Akhigbe
前任Sani Abacha
继任Olusegun Obasanjo
Chief of Defence Staff
任期
December 1993—June 1998
前任Oladipo Diya
继任Al-Amin Daggash
个人资料
出生 (1942-06-13) 1942年6月13日（81歲）
Minna, Northern Region, British Nigeria
(now Minna, Nigeria)
政党none (military)
配偶Fati Lami Abubakar
儿女Six
居住地Minna
军事背景
效忠 奈及利亞
服役 Nigerian Air Force
Nigerian Army
服役时间1963–1966 (Air Force)
1966–1999 (Army)
军衔General
参战Nigerian Civil War
1978 South Lebanon conflict

Abdulsalami Abubakar (聆聽i/ˌɑːbdəlsəˈlæmi ˌɑːbuˈbɑːkɑːr/; born June 13, 1942) is a Nigerian statesman and retired Nigerian Army general who served as the de facto President of Nigeria from 1998 to 1999.[1] He was also Chief of Defence Staff between 1993 and 1998. He succeeded General Sani Abacha upon his death.

During his leadership, Nigeria adopted a modified version of the 1979 constitution, which provided for multiparty elections. He transferred power to president-elect Olusegun Obasanjo on 29 May 1999. He is the current Chairman of the National Peace Committee.[2]

Early life[编辑]

Abubakar from the Hausa ethnic group was born on 13 June 1942 to his father Abubakar Jibrin and his mother Fatikande Mohammed, in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

From 1950 to 1956 he attended Minna Native Authority Primary school. From 1957 to 1962, he had his secondary school education at Government College, Bida, Niger State. From January to October 1963 he studied at Kaduna Technical College.

Pre–presidency[编辑]

Air force career[编辑]

Abubakar is a member of the pioneering sets of officer cadets who enlisted into the Nigerian Air force on 3 October 1963. From 1964- 1966, he was flown to Uetersen, West Germany with a team of officer cadets, for Basic and Advance Military Training. When he returned to Nigeria in 1966 he was seconded to the Nigerian Army.[3]

Career in the army[编辑]

After joining the army in 1966 as an officer cadet, Abubakar attended the emergency combatant short service course two. In October 1967, Abubakar was commissioned second lieutenant, infantry division, Nigerian army. From 1967 to 1968, Abubakar was general staff officer two, second garrison, and commanding officer, 92 infantry battalion from 1969 to 1974. Between 1974 and 1975, he was made brigade major, 7th infantry brigade. In 1975 he served as commanding officer, 84 infantry battalion. In 1978–1979, Abubakar was commanding officer for the 145 infantry battalion (NIBATT II), United Nations Interim force, Lebanon.

In 1979 he was made assistant adjutant general 3rd Infantry division, Nigeria. From 1980 to 1982, Abubakar was chief instructor at the Nigerian Defence Academy. In 1982 he was appointed as the colonel of administration and quartering, 1st mechanised division. A position he held up until 1984. From 1985 to 1986, Abubakar was the commander 3rd mechanised brigade. He served as the military secretary of the army, 1986–1988. Abubakar was made general officer commanding 1st mechanised division 1990–1991. Between 1991 and 1993, he was the principal staff officer, as the army chief of plan and policy, Defence Headquarters.

Rise to the presidency[编辑]

From 1993 to 1998, General Sani Abacha appointed Abubakar as the Chief of Defence Staff. Upon Abacha's death on 8 June 1998, one day later Abubakar was named military President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Presidency[编辑]

Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

Military[编辑]

Nigeria had been ruled by military leaders since Muhammadu Buhari seized power from Shehu Shagari in a 1983 coup.[4] Although democratic elections had been held in 1993, they were annulled by General Ibrahim Babangida. Reported to have had an initial reluctance to accepting the position,[5] Abubakar was sworn in as president on 9 June 1998 after the unexpected death of Abacha. He declared a weeklong period of national mourning.[6]

Politics[编辑]

A few days after assuming office, Abubakar promised to hold elections within a year and transfer power to an elected president.[4] He established the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), appointing former Supreme Court Justice Ephraim Akpata as chairman.[7] The INEC held a series of elections first for Local Government Areas in December 1998, then for State Assemblies and Governors, National Assemblies and finally for the President on 27 February 1999. Although efforts were made to ensure that the elections were free and fair, there were widespread irregularities that drew criticism from foreign observers.[8]

Transfer of power[编辑]

Surprising some critics of the country's military,[5] in May 1999 General Abubakar, handed over power to the newly elected civilian president, Olusegun Obasanjo and retired from the army.[9]

Legacy[编辑]

Abubakar's legacy is mixed. A lecture circuit at Chicago State University in Chicago, Illinois, United States featuring him encountered opposition, because he had supported Abacha's government.[10] (Abacha's administration was notorious for its human rights abuses).[10][11] He was also sued in that country by other Nigerians who claimed he was responsible for the death of 1993 president-elect Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, who died in custody after being prevented by the military from taking office, and for the violation of the rights of others during his administration.[12] Abubakar helped in the Liberian peace movement by presiding over the 2003 peace talks between Charles Taylor and the opposing rebels. This is seen in the movie Pray the Devil Back to Hell.

Personal life[编辑]

Abubakar is married to Fati and they have six children together.[5]

Awards[编辑]

Abudulsalami Abubakar has received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they include:

Bibliography[编辑]

See also[编辑]

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Walter Grassroot/阿卜杜勒萨拉米·阿布巴卡尔

References[编辑]

  1. ^ Abubakar, Abdulsalam. Financial development, impact on output and its determinants: the case of the economic community of the West African states. Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia. 2015. 
  2. ^ Buhari, Abdulsalami's national peace committee meet. Punch Newspapers. [2020-05-29] （美国英语）. 
  3. ^ Nigeria Abdulsalami Abubakar Biography and Profile. [永久失效連結]
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Nigeria. The World Factbook Online. Central Intelligence Agency. 31 May 2007 [9 June 2007].  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Abdulsalami Abubakar. Online Nigeria. Devace Nigeria. [7 June 2007]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2011）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  6. ^ Successor to General Sani Abacha appointed. IFEX Alerts. International Freedom of Expression Exchange. 9 June 1998 [7 June 2007]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2012）. 
  7. ^ INEC History. Independent National Electoral Commission. [13 February 2010]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2011）. 
  8. ^ Observing the 1998–99 Nigeria Elections (PDF). Carter Center, NDI. Summer 1999 [14 February 2010]. 
  9. ^ Obotetukudo, Solomon. The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non elected presidents and prime minister from 1960 -2010. University Press of America. 2011: 121. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Akande, Laolu. NCP, North America, protests Abdulsalami Lecture Series. National Conscience Party. [7 June 2007]. （原始内容存档于27 September 2007）. 
  11. ^ Interview with Abubakar. Online News Hour. MacNeil/Lehrer Productions. 21 October 1998 [7 June 2007]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2011）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  12. ^ Aboyade, Funke. Conflicting Court Orders in Abdulsalami Case Avoidable. Thisday Online. Leaders & Company Limited. [7 June 2007]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2011）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)

External links[编辑]

官衔
前任者：
Sani Abacha 		Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria
1998–1999 		繼任者：
Olusegun Obasanjo
為President of Nigeria
前任者：
Sani Abacha 		Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States
1998–1999 		繼任者：
Gnassingbé Eyadéma

Template:Nigerian Heads of State Template:Chiefs of Defence Staff Staff (CDS) Nigeria

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