User:奔流沙/通用电气

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  「GE」重定向至此。关于other uses of "GE"，请见「Ge (disambiguation)」。
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General Electric Company
公司類型Public (NYSE：GE)
成立1878 in Schenectady, New York
創辦人Thomas Edison
代表人物 Jeffrey R. Immelt (Chairman and CEO)
Keith Sherin (Vice Chairman and CFO)
Gary M. Reiner (CIO and SVP)
Beth Comstock (CMO and SVP)
總部Fairfield, Connecticut[1]
標語口號Imagination at Work
产业Conglomerate
產品Aviation
Aircraft Jet Engines
Electricity
Entertainment
Finance
Gas Turbine
Generation
Industrial Automation
Lighting
Medical Imaging Equipment
Medical Software
Motors
Railway Locomotives
Wind Turbine
營業額▲ US$ 182.515 billion (2008)[2]
息税前利润▼ US$ 19.141 billion (2008)[2]
净利润▼ US$ 17.410 billion (2008)[2]
總資產▲ US$ 797.769 billion (2008)[2]
資產淨值▼ US$ 104.665 billion (2008)[2]
員工人數323,000 (2008)[2]
主要子公司GE Energy Infrastructure
GE Technology Infrastructure
GE Capital
NBC Universal[3][4]
网站www.ge.com

通用电气[编辑]

The General Electric Company, or GE (NYSE：GE), is a multinational American technology and services conglomerate incorporated in the State of New York.[7] In terms of market capitalization as of September 30, 2008, GE is the world's tenth largest company. In the 1960s, aspects of U.S. tax laws and accounting practices led to a rise in the assembly of conglomerates. GE, which was a conglomerate long before the term was coined, is arguably the most successful organization of this type.[來源請求]

是在公司多元化发展当中，较为出色的跨国公司。

History[编辑]

历史[编辑]

By 1890, Thomas Edison had formed Edison General Electric which brought together several of his business interests together under one corporation. At about the same time, Thomson-Houston Company under the leadership of Charles A. Coffin gain access to a number of key patents through the acquisition of a number of competitors. Subsequently, General Electric was formed by the merger in 1892 of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Company.[8]

早在1890年，托马斯·爱迪生就召集了几个对他的生意有兴趣的生意人一起创建了爱迪生通用电气公司。


In 1896, General Electric was one of the original 12 companies listed on the newly-formed Dow Jones Industrial Average and still remains after 127 years (it is the only one of the original companies remaining on the Dow— though it has not continuously been in the DOW index).

23 Ton diesel electric locomotive made at the General Electric Corp. plant in Schenectady, N.Y.

In 1911 the National Electric Lamp Association (NELA) was absorbed into General Electric's existing lighting business. GE then established its lighting division headquarters at Nela Park in East Cleveland, Ohio. Nela Park was the world's first industrial park, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, and is still the headquarters for GE's lighting business.

The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was founded by GE in 1919 to further international radio.

General Electric was one of the eight major computer companies through most of the 1960s — with IBM, the largest, called "Snow White" followed by the "Seven Dwarfs": Burroughs, NCR, Control Data Corporation, Honeywell, RCA, UNIVAC and GE. GE had an extensive line of general purpose and special purpose computers. Among them were the GE 200, GE 400, and GE 600 series general purpose computers, the GE 4010, GE 4020, and GE 4060 real time process control computers, and the Datanet 30 message switching computer. A Datanet 600 computer was designed, but never sold. It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside of the United States federal government. In 1970 GE sold its computer division to Honeywell.

In 1986 GE reacquired RCA, primarily for the NBC television network. The remainder was sold to various companies, including Bertelsmann and Thomson SA.

1986年收购美国无线电公司（radio corporation of america，简称RCA），主要用于服务NBC的电视网络。

In 2002 Francisco Partners and Norwest Venture Partners acquired a division of GE called GE Information Systems (GEIS). The new company, named GXS, is based in Gaithersburg, MD. GXS is a leading provider of B2B e-Commerce solutions. GE maintains a minority ownership position in GXS.


In 2004 GE bought Vivendi's television and movie assets, becoming the third largest media conglomerate in the world. The new company was named NBC Universal. Also in 2004 GE completed the spin-off of most of its mortgage and life insurance assets into an independent company, Genworth Financial, based in Richmond, Virginia.

Genpact formerly known as GE Capital International Services (GECIS) was established by GE in late 1997 as its captive India based BPO. GE sold 60% stake in Genpact to General Atlantic and Oak Hill Capital Partners in 2005 and hived off Genpact into an independent business. GE is still a major client to Genpact getting its services in customer service, finance, information technology and analytics.

In May 2008, GE announced it was exploring options for divesting the bulk of its Consumer and Industrial business.

As disclosed in the 2009 Proxy Statement, GE shareowners are being asked to vote, at the Annual Meeting on April 22,2009, on a shareowner proposal requesting the Board of Directors to commission an independent, comprehensive study to evaluate the potential of breaking up GE in order to enhance ownership value through liberation of the holding company/diversification discount suffered by the conglomerate.

For a complete list of acquisitions and divestitures, see General Electric timeline.

Criminal convictions[编辑]

刑事记录[编辑]

GE has faced criminal action regarding its defense related operations. GE was convicted in 1990 of defrauding the U.S. Department of Defense, and again in 1992 on charges of corrupt practices in the sale of jet engines to Israel.[9][10]

Job Cuts[编辑]

裁员[编辑]

On Dec 12, 2008, GE announced job cuts as well as a restructuring of its finance unit, warning that fourth quarter results will be at the low end of previous projections.

  • 2008年12月12日，GE由于产量缩减，加上受其子公司金融服务公司（GE资本）和照明以及医疗器械部门经营下滑的影响，公司2008年第四季度利润与上年同期相比下降了44%，财务报告比预想要低，而被迫计划裁员[11]。

On Feb 20, 2009, GE announced extra 4,000 job cuts bringing the total up to 12,000 as well as a restructuring of its production and repair units, warning that first quarter results will be lower than previous projections.

  • 2009年2月12日，由于受公司部门调整影响，公司的裁员人数从4,000人上升到12,000人，并预告09年第一季度结果必定比预想的要低[12]。

Corporate affairs[编辑]

公司动态[编辑]

Classic GE neon sign

GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, where it has its own ZIP code distinct from the other two in the town, 06828[13]. Its New York headquarters are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Rockefeller Center, known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the Center since its construction in the 1930s.

The company describes itself as composed of a number of primary business units or "businesses." Each "business" is itself a vast enterprise, many of which would, even as a standalone company, rank in the Fortune 500[來源請求]. The list of GE businesses varies over time as the result of acquisitions, divestitures and reorganizations. General Electric's tax return is the largest return filed in the United States; the 2005 return was approximately 24,000 pages when printed out, and 237 megabytes when submitted electronically.[14]

In 2005 GE launched its "Ecomagination" initiative in an attempt to position itself as a "green" company. GE is currently one of the biggest players in the wind power industry, and it is also developing new environment-friendly products such as hybrid locomotives, desalination and water reuse solutions, and photovoltaic cells. The company has set goals for its subsidiaries to lower their greenhouse gas emissions.[15]

On May 21 2007, General Electric announced it would sell its GE Plastics division to petrochemicals manufacturer Saudi Basic Industries Corp. for net proceeds of $11.6 billion. The transaction took place on August 31, 2007, and the company name changed to SABIC Innovative Plastics, with Brian Gladden as CEO.[16]

CEO[编辑]

首席执行官[编辑]

主条目：Jeffrey R. Immelt
主条目：杰夫·伊梅尔特

Jeffrey Immelt is the current chairman of the board and chief executive officer of General Electric. He was selected by GE's Board of Directors in 2000 to replace John Francis Welch Jr. (Jack Welch) following his retirement. Previously, Immelt had headed GE's Medical Systems division (now GE Healthcare) as its President and CEO. He has been with GE since 1982 and is on the board of two non-profit organizations.

His tenure as the Chairman and CEO started at a time of crisis—he took over the role on September 7, 2001[17], four days before the terrorist attacks on the United States, which killed two employees and cost GE's insurance business $600 million—as well as having a direct effect on the company's Aircraft Engines sector. Since taking over, GE's stock has dropped nearly 80%. Immelt has also been selected as one of President Obama's financial advisors concerning the economic rescue plan.

  • 伊梅尔特于2001年9月7日接任GE的董事会主席和首席执行官职位[18]，不过2天后，就发生了恐怖组织袭击美国事件，史称911事件。在这次恐怖事件中，有两名公司员工身亡，公司的保险业务损失了将近600百万，也直接影响到公司的航空技术部门公司的股价下跌了80%。上任伊始伊梅尔特面对这种状况，开局并不乐观。
  • 伊梅尔特目前是美国总统奥巴马经济复苏顾问委员会的成员之一[19]。

Brand[编辑]

品牌[编辑]

General Electric has the fourth most recognized brand in the world, worth almost $49 billion.[20].

CEO Jeffrey Immelt had a set of changes in the presentation of the brand commissioned in 2004, after he took the reins as chairman, to unify the diversified businesses of GE. The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE Logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira), and a new slogan, "imagination at work" replacing the longtime slogan "we bring good things to life", composed by David Lucas. The standard requires many headlines to be lowercased and adds visual "white space" to documents and advertising to promote an open and approachable company. The changes were designed by Wolff Olins and are used extensively on GE's marketing, literature and website.

The value of the brand is reinforced by ownership of two letter domain ge.com. The domain was registered on August 5, 1986.[21] General Electric is one of the few corporations worldwide to own a two letter domain ,name.[22]. The brand is also reflected by the GE New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol.

GE offers kitchen appliances from the "value" brand Hotpoint to the creation of the upscale Monogram brand. Monogram is positioned against premium brands such as Viking Range, Fulgor, Sub Zero, Wind Crest, Kitchen Aid, Fagor and Dacor. General Electric is also very focused on the protection of its brand. In 2009 it asked Australian musician Edward Guglielmino to change his logo, a parody of the "GE" logo.

Businesses[编辑]

主条目：List of assets owned by General Electric

业务[编辑]

GE's divisions include GE Capital (including GE Commercial Finance and GE Money and GE Consumer Finance,[23]), GE Technology Infrastructure (including GE Aviation,the former Smiths Aerospace and GE Healthcare), GE Energy Infrastructure, and NBC Universal, an entertainment company.

Through these businesses, GE participates in a wide variety of markets including the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity (eg. Nuclear,[24] gas and solar), lighting, industrial automation, medical imaging equipment, motors, railway locomotives, aircraft jet engines, and aviation services. It co-founded and is 80% owner (with Vivendi) of NBC Universal, the National Broadcasting Company. Through GE Commercial Finance, GE Consumer Finance, GE Equipment Services, and GE Insurance it offers a range of financial services as well. It has a presence in over 100 countries.

General Electric gauges to control a railway locomotive[25]

Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.

It was announced in May 4 that General Electric would auction off its appliances business for an expected sale of $5–8 billion.[26]

The Finnish RFI filter firm DICRO Oy was founded in 1987 and bought out an older rival RFI filter firm named GE Procond Oy on February 13, 2006, which was renamed to Procond Oy and until then part of General Electric [27],but now may be sold off too.

Corporate recognition[编辑]

公司荣誉[编辑]

In 2004, GE was named number one company for employers and employees on the Forbes 500 Global Player list.

Over the years GE has received several awards honoring them for their accomplishments, values and reputation:

  • In Fortune Magazine's 2005 "Global Most Admired Companies" list, GE ranked first overall. (February 2005)
  • In Fortune Magazine's 2006 "America's Most Admired Companies" list, GE ranked first overall. (March 2006)[28]
  • GE was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index as one of the world's leaders in environmental, social and economic programs.
  • GE ranked ninth on Fortune Magazine's "50 Most Desirable MBA Employers" list. (April 2004)

GE相关财务数据[29][编辑]

专业GE分析员列表[编辑]

Environmental record[编辑]

工业污染记录[编辑]

General Electric has a history of large-scale air and water pollution. Based on year 2000 data,[30] researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 Tonnes) of toxic chemicals released into the air.[31] General Electric has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites.[32]

GE曾经有相当长的大规模空气和水质污染史。据2000年政治经济研究学院的调查记录显示[33]，GE在“美国四大制造型污染企业”名单当中，污染的数据是每年排放超过4.4百万镑（相当于2,000公吨）的有毒化学物质[34]。


In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel G.E. to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped (legally, at the time) from their plant in Waterford.[35] In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.[36]

From approximately 1947 to 1977, GE discharged as much as 1.3 million pounds of PCBs from its capacitor manufacturing plants at the Hudson Falls and Fort Edward facilities into the Hudson River.[39] Spending millions over many years, GE fought a media and political battle to avoid cleaning up the river: GE attacked the Superfund law in court, and launched an extensive media campaign to refute the benefits of cleaning up the river, claiming that dredging the river would actually stir up PCBs.[40] In 2002, GE was ordered to clean up a 40-英里（64-公里） stretch of the Hudson River it had contaminated.[41]



In 2003, acting on concerns that the plan proposed by GE did not "provide for adequate protection of public health and the environment," the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued a unilateral administrative order for the company to "address cleanup at the GE site" in Rome, Georgia, also contaminated with PCBs.[44]

Environmental initiatives[编辑]

关注环保[编辑]

In May 2005 GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeffrey Immelt "to develop tomorrow’s solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology,”[46] prompting the The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy."[47]

2005年5月,GE正式发表了“绿色畅想”计划("Ecomagination")[48]，绿色创想是GE新启动的投资战略。其通过GE的绿色技术，使社会减少用水量、提高水的再利用水平、减少温室气体排放量并提高能效，同时提高公司收益[49]。用CEO伊梅尔特的话说，是为了“可持续发展”，该计划涉及的领域有[[水处理]，消费金融，航空，运输，能源，塑料，硅树脂，消费与工业等。而公司涉及的业务有海水淡化平台，太阳能光电，风力发电，煤电，涡轮发动机，小型荧光灯等<]ref>"Ecomagination: Inside GE's Power Play"</ref>[50]。

GE has said that it will invest $1.4bn in cleantech research and development in 2008 as part of its Ecomagination initiative. As of October 2008, the scheme had resulted in 70 green products being brought to market, ranging from halogen lamps to biogas engines. In 2007, GE raised the annual revenue target for its Ecomagination initiative from $20bn in 2010 to $25bn following positive market response to its new product lines.[51]

  • 2005年，GE计划在每年的环保技术上，项目投资从2005年的7亿美元增加到2010年的15亿美元[52]。
  • 2007年，这一数据已经改为从2007年的20亿美元增加到2010年的25亿美元[53]。
  • 2008年，GE承诺投入14亿美元,用于绿色项目上的研发。至10月份的时候，GE已向市场投入了70多种绿色产品,例如GE生产的Diamond Precise灯比市场上标准的50瓦卤素PAR20灯和R20白炽要节能58%[54]。


GE Energy’s renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy technology. In 2009, GE’s renewable energy initiatives, which include solar power, wind power and Jenbacher engines using waste gases, employ more than 4,900 people globally and have created more than 10,000 supporting jobs.[55]

由于清洁能源是全球性的需求，GE的再生能源业务在美国和全球市场上扩展得比较快。自从2002年加入到再生能源产业行列以来，GE已经累计投入8.5亿美元来开发再生能源技术。2009年，在包括太阳能，风能，颜巴赫燃气发动机("Jenbacher engines using waste gases")在内的再生能源开发与应用带动下，GE已经在全球聘请了超过4,900名员工，创造出了10,000多个相关工作岗位[56]。


Media representation[编辑]

影视相关[编辑]

GE was also the focus of a 1991 short subject Academy Award winning documentary, [57] that juxtaposed "GE's rosy 'We Bring Good Things To Life' commercials with the true stories of workers and neighbors whose lives have been devastated by the company's involvement in building and testing nuclear bombs."[58]

GE是1991年奥斯卡最佳纪录短片提名影片[59] 《GE's rosy 'We Bring Good Things To Life》讲述的焦点，该片讲述的一个由于核反应堆的设施建设和实验测试而给周边居民造成毁灭性破坏的真实故事[60]。

GE is often satirized in the NBC produced American television show 30 Rock because of its ownership of NBC.

GE公司还经常是NBC电视剧《30 Rock》（中译为《我为喜剧狂》或《超级制作人》）的讥讽对象，不过NBC电视台是GE旗下的子公司，而《30 Rock》这一剧名也来源于NBC摄影棚的地址：洛克菲勒中心30号（"30 Rockefeller Plaza" ）。

See also[编辑]

References[编辑]

  1. ^ Our Company; GE website; retrieved December 29 2006
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Form 10-K. [2009-03-07]. 
  3. ^ http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2008/07/25/ge-slices-itself-into-four-parts/ Blogging Stocks - GE Slices itself into four parts
  4. ^ http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2008/07/21/daily48.html Bizjournals.com GE to Reorganize operations;
  5. ^ Company Profile for General Electric Co (GE). [2009-03-07]. 
  6. ^ http://www.iana.com/assignments/ipv4-address-space/
  7. ^ Company Information: General Electric, U.S Securities and Exchange Commission
  8. ^ GE Thomas Edison: History, Electricity, Light Bulb, Research, Founder
  9. ^ Sam Husseini, Felons On The Air: Does GE's Ownership of NBC Violate the Law?, FAIR.ORG, November/December 1994
  10. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. G.E. Guilty Plea in U.S. Aid to Israel, New York Times, July 23 1992.
  11. ^ 员工曝GE中国研发中心裁员减员 股价跌至17年最低
  12. ^ GE To Cut Jobs, Reorganize Finance Unit
  13. ^ USPS.com
  14. ^ IRS e-file Moves Forward; Successfully Executes Electronic Filing of Nation’s Largest Tax Return (新闻稿). United States Department of the Treasury— Internal Revenue Service. 2006-05-31 [2007-02-01]. 
  15. ^ GE Launches Ecomagination to Develop Environmental Technologies; Company-Wide Focus on Addressing Pressing Challenges (新闻稿). General Electric. 2005-05-09 [2007-01-15]. [失效連結]
  16. ^ The New York Times 22 May 2007
  17. ^ Jeffrey R. Immelt's Biography
  18. ^ Jeffrey R. Immelt's Biography
  19. ^ 奥巴马新设立经济复苏顾问委员会来提供有关经济的独立观点
  20. ^ "Top 100 Global Brands Scoreboard", BusinessWeek.
  21. ^ http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=ge.com Network Solutions - Domain Registration Information: ge.com
  22. ^ List of Large Companies that own a Two Letter Domain
  23. ^ GE Money Global Financial Solutions
  24. ^ Nuclear spin Spinwatch]] on GE
  25. ^ Welcome to Saskrailmuseum.org. Contact Us. September 11, 2008 [2008-10-03]. 
  26. ^ GE confirms it's exiting appliance business - U.S. business - MSNBC.com
  27. ^ Company history
  28. ^ "America's Most Admired Companies 2006", Fortune Magazine, March 6 2006
  29. ^ 通用电气
  30. ^ Political Economy Research Institute Toxic 100 Corporate Toxics Information Project Technical Notes retrieved 9 November 2007
  31. ^ Political Economy Research Institute
  32. ^ The Center for Public Integrity
  33. ^ Political Economy Research Institute Toxic 100 Corporate Toxics Information Project Technical Notes retrieved 9 November 2007
  34. ^ Political Economy Research Institute
  35. ^ The Region; G.E. Plant Accused Of Water Pollution", The New York Times, January 21, 1983
  36. ^ General Electric agrees to $250 Million Settlement to Clean Up PCBs in Housatonic River, Department of Justice news release, October 7, 1999
  37. ^ The Region; G.E. Plant Accused Of Water Pollution", The New York Times, January 21, 1983
  38. ^ General Electric agrees to $250 Million Settlement to Clean Up PCBs in Housatonic River, Department of Justice news release, October 7, 1999
  39. ^ Hudson River PCBs
  40. ^ Historic Hudson River Cleanup to Begin After Years of Delay, But Will General Electric Finish the Job? Under the EPA's unusual agreement with General Electric, the company could escape full responsibility for cleaning up the toxic mess it made in the Hudson River
  41. ^ The New York Times 1 May 2007
  42. ^ Historic Hudson River Cleanup to Begin After Years of Delay, But Will General Electric Finish the Job? Under the EPA's unusual agreement with General Electric, the company could escape full responsibility for cleaning up the toxic mess it made in the Hudson River
  43. ^ The New York Times 1 May 2007
  44. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency
  45. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency
  46. ^ "Ecomagination: Inside GE's Power Play"
  47. ^ "Talking Green, Acting Dirty." The New York Times 12 June 2005
  48. ^ Ecomagination,GE“绿色畅想”计划
  49. ^ 通用电气. 绿色创想. 通用电气. 
  50. ^ Ecomagination,GE“绿色畅想”计划
  51. ^ GE cleantech sales to top $17bn this year
  52. ^ Ecomagination,GE“绿色畅想”计划
  53. ^ GE cleantech sales to top $17bn this year
  54. ^ [1]
  55. ^ GE illustrates broad spectrum of alternative energy projects
  56. ^ GE illustrates broad spectrum of alternative energy projects
  57. ^ Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons, and Our Environment
  58. ^ Nuclear Weaponmakers Campaign - Corporate Accountability International - Challenging Abuse, Protecting People - Think Outside the Bottle - challenging the bottled water indust...
  59. ^ Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons, and Our Environment
  60. ^ Nuclear Weaponmakers Campaign - Corporate Accountability International - Challenging Abuse, Protecting People - Think Outside the Bottle - challenging the bottled water indust...

Further reading[编辑]

  • Carlson, W. Bernard. Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, 1870-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
  • Woodbury, David O. Elihu Thomson, Beloved Scientist (Boston: Museum of Science, 1944)
  • Haney, John L. The Elihu Thomson Collection American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1944.
  • Hammond, John W. Men and Volts: The Story of General Electric, published 1941, 436 pages.
  • Mill, John M. Men and Volts at War: The Story of General Electric in World War II, published 1947.

External links[编辑]


Template:Companies portal Template:General Electric

Template:Dow Jones Industrial Average companies Template:Houston Astros owners zh:通用电气 =: Not Found Electric: [i'lektrik] adj. 电的

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