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2024年恩加山體滑坡事故

坐标5°22′25″S 143°21′53″E / 5.37361°S 143.36472°E / -5.37361; 143.36472
本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书
2024年恩加山體滑坡
山體滑坡處及附近區域示意圖
日期2024年5月24日 (2024-05-24)
时间巴布亞新幾內亞時間英语Time in Papua New GuineaUTC+10:00
約 03:00
地点 巴布亚新几内亚恩加省拉蓋普-波爾蓋拉縣邁普·穆利塔卡地方政府區域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG
坐标5°22′25″S 143°21′53″E / 5.37361°S 143.36472°E / -5.37361; 143.36472
起因掘金與/或強降雨(推測)[1][2]
死亡11人確認死亡
162-2,000+人推定死亡[3][4]
受伤17
失踪2,500+[5][6]

2024年5月24日凌晨三時左右,巴布亞新幾內亞恩加省拉蓋普-波爾蓋拉縣邁普·穆利塔卡地方政府區域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG揚巴利村英语Yambali周圍地區發生山體滑坡。不同信息源給出的罹難人數估測差異巨大,從162人[7]到逾2000人[8]不等。

受道路受阻、通訊基礎設施損壞影響,救災工作施展困難[9][10],最初有六名遇難者遺體被尋獲,一週後,僅有11人確認死亡。另在考卡拉姆英语Kaokalam和圖里帕納(Tulipana)兩個村莊,有約2,500人失蹤。巴新官方已正式請求國際援助。[8]

背景[编辑]

巴布亞新幾內亞由於境內山地廣布、熱帶氣候降雨頻繁,加之貧困問題、政府行政不善,災難性的山體滑坡事故時有發生。2024年早先時間,由於氣候變化,該國已遭遇強降雨和洪災侵襲。[2]三月和四月的兩次山體滑坡分別造成21人、14人死亡。[11]

5月18日,巴新發生MW 4.5级地震。震中位於本次山體滑坡發生地以西105公里(65英里),震源深度126.2公里(78.4英里)。一位當地居民稱,該地震或是本次山體滑坡的肇因。[1]巴新紅十字會英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society則對這一說法予以否認,其負責人表示:「這是個蘊藏金礦的地區,人們可能在(發生滑坡的)山上採掘過金子」,否則事故就是強降雨導致的。[2]

事故影響[编辑]

距災區30公里的波格拉金礦英语Porgera Gold Mine

當地時間5月24日凌晨三時左右[12],芒加洛山(Mount Mungalo)部分山體崩塌,大量石塊剝落,摧毀了附近的六個村莊[13]。單在考卡拉姆一村,便有數十間房屋損毀,預計約有300人因而死亡。滑坡事故同時造成通往波格拉金礦英语Porgera Gold Mine的道路受阻,150米長的通往考卡拉姆的主要道路受損,燃油、物資供應一時面臨困難[14][1][15]。在揚巴利村,約有3,000名村民失蹤,另有約2,000人被掩埋在圖里帕納村,具體的失蹤人數仍未可知[16]。通往首都莫爾斯比港的道路亦遭阻斷。村莊菜園以及三條溪流被石礫掩埋[17]。據國際移民組織官員估測,受掩埋的區域約有「三至四個足球場」大[18],坍塌層約有6至8米深[19]

不同信源對死亡人數作了極為相異的估測,天空新闻台等認為有670人遇難[12]巴布亞新幾內亞信使報英语Papua New Guinea Post-Courier則認為有逾千人喪命[4]。這些估測尚未得到政府官員的確證[18]。超過4,000人受到此次事故直接影響[20]。最初人們發現了五具遇難者的遺骸,以及第六位遇難者的腿部殘肢[21],截止5月30日,共有11人的遺體被尋獲。[22]七人受傷[23],四人獲救[5][24]。恩加籍議員5月24日告訴《衛報》,有1,182間房屋遭到損毀。[25]超過5,000隻豬、100家商鋪、五輛汽車[26]、兩處醫療點據信亦在石礫之下[27]。另有250間房屋因地表不穩而變為危房,估計另有1,250人因此失去住房。[21]

現場救援人員稱遇難者遺骸已「腐臭不堪」,5月30日,鑑於屍體或致水源污染,國際移民組織發布報告,警告災區有爆發疫病的「重大風險」。[28]

救災情況[编辑]

巴布亞新幾內亞總理詹姆斯·馬拉佩宣布,巴布亚新几内亚国防军已被派遣至事故地區進行遺體搜尋、基礎設施重建等救援與善後工作。警察、醫護人員、工程師以及聯合國人員亦參與救災,一些當地群眾自發組建現場應急力量[29]。黃昏時分,現場救援人員利用機械挖掘設備等工具,試圖找到倖存者[30]

國際人道主義機構國際關懷協會英语Care International巴布亞新幾內亞紅十字會英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society評估了災情[31][32][33]。國際關懷協會稱,災難後,約有4,000人需要人道主義救助。2024年2月,當地曾爆發部落武裝衝突英语February 2024 Enga Province massacre,造成部分村民流離失所,此次山體滑坡掩埋了部分用以收容他們的社區[20]。巨大的石塊和倒塌的樹木阻礙了搜救工作[34],紅十字會估計需要兩天時間,救援力量才能抵達災區[2]。據ABC新聞報導,目前只有直升機能進入考卡拉姆。5月25日起,有救援車隊離開省府瓦巴格,向災區進發[35]。由於坐落途中的坦比塔尼斯村(Tambitanis)仍有部落衝突情況,救援車隊受到了巴新国防军的護送。巴新防長比利·約瑟夫(Billy Joseph)和國家災害中心主任拉索·馬納(Laso Mana)宣布將於26日前往瓦巴格勘災[21]。運營波格拉金礦的合資企業亦同意向災區提供專業挖掘設備,以輔助搜尋遺體、疏通道路。[36]

5月28日,食品、藥品等物資運抵災區。[37]在受災人群中,十六歲以下的青少年佔約四成,人道主義組織擔憂他們的心理問題。已有九名兒童因事故喪失雙親。[37]隨著專業設備從萊城等地運至災區,遇難者家屬又就是否應使用重型機械挖掘遺骸產生分歧,部分人擔憂其親人遺骸恐因而遭到二次破壞。[8]

巴布亚新几内亚国民议会為事故遇難者默哀一分鐘。[7]5月30日,議長乔布·波马特英语Job Pomat厲斥議員們只顧計劃對總理發起不信任動議,而對恩加山崩災情頗有冷落[38]。馬拉佩翌日前往事故現場[39],宣布將撥付2000萬基那用以救災同重建[40]

國際反應[编辑]

參見[编辑]

參考資料[编辑]

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  16. ^ Mulitaka landslide: Total number of people missing yet to be confirmed. 巴布亞新幾內亞信使報. 2024-05-26 [2024-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-26). 
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