伊朗核物理學家暗殺事件

自2007年起，已有數名伊朗的核物理學家遭遇暗殺，其中2010年—2012年即有4位核物理學家被暗殺身亡，手法包括槍手槍擊與汽車炸彈等^[1]^[2]^[3] 。伊朗政府指控以色列為幕後兇手，目的為阻礙伊朗核計畫^[1]，並於2011年與2012年逮捕了數名被控與摩薩德（以色列情報機構）合作的國民。部分西方媒體也指以色列與這些暗殺事件有關^[4]^[5]^[6]。對於這些指控，以色列國防部長摩西·亞阿隆表示「我們會採取一切手段阻止伊朗取得核武，雖希望透過制裁（英语：International sanctions against Iran）的手段即可達成，但最終以色列仍必須自衛^[7]。」

暗殺伊朗核物理學家的計畫據稱已於2013年在美国壓力下終止^[8]^[9]。美國國家廣播公司報導指有兩名美國官員表示以色列資助、訓練並武裝反伊朗政府的伊朗人民聖戰者組織（MEK）成員以執行暗殺任務^[10]，但也有官員否認此說法^[11]^[12]。2020年又有一名伊朗核物理學家被以色列暗殺^[13]^[14]。

暗殺事件[编辑]

日期	目標	專業^[15]	方式與地點^[16]	結果
2007年1月15日^[17]	阿德希爾·侯賽因普爾（英语：Ardeshir Hosseinpour）	教授、电磁学家	在設拉子被毒氣（可能為放射性毒物）毒殺^[18]	死亡
2010年1月12日^[19]	馬蘇德·阿里-穆罕默迪	教授、量子场论與粒子物理學專家	在德黑兰被遠端操控的摩托車炸彈暗殺	死亡
2010年11月29日^[20]	馬吉德·沙赫里亞里（英语：Majid Shahriari）	核工程學家、專業領域為中子傳輸（英语：neutron transport）	在德黑兰被汽車炸彈暗殺	死亡
2010年11月29日^[21]	費雷登·阿巴西（英语：Fereydoon Abbasi）	教授、原子核物理学家	在德黑兰被汽車炸彈暗殺	生還
2011年7月23日^[22]	大流士·礼萨伊内贾德（Darioush Rezaeinejad）	物理學家、專業領域為中子傳輸	在德黑兰被摩托車上的槍手槍殺	死亡
2012年1月11日^[1]	莫斯塔法·艾哈邁迪·羅斯漢（英语：Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan）	教授，研究領域為濃縮鈾製程（製作合成膜（英语：Synthetic membrane））	在德黑兰被汽車炸彈暗	死亡
2020年11月27日^[13]	穆赫辛·法克里扎德	教授、核物理學家、伊朗核計畫的領導者	在达马万德（英语：Damavand, Iran）被遙控機槍射殺	死亡

參考文獻[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Vick, Karl; Klein, Aaron J. Who Assassinated an Iranian Nuclear Scientist? Israel Isn't Telling. Time. 13 January 2012 [14 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于24 February 2016）.
^ Hasan, Mehdi. Iran's nuclear scientists are not being assassinated. They are being murdered. The Guardian. 12 January 2012 [7 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2016）.
^ Meikle, James. Iran: timeline of attacks. The Guardian. 12 January 2012 [7 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于12 March 2016）.
^ Vick, Kar. Spy Fail: Why Iran Is Losing Its Covert War with Israel. Time. 13 February 2013 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2016）.
^ Cockburn, Patrick. Just who has been killing Iran's nuclear scientists?. The Independent. 6 October 2013 [11 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于18 November 2015）.
^ Koring, Paul. The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program. The Globe and Mail. 18 June 2012 [12 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于6 December 2016）.
^ Staff writers. Israel behind assassinations of Iran nuclear scientists, Ya'alon hints. The Jerusalem Post. [14 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2017）.
^ Buchanan, Rose Troup. Israeli defence minister says he is 'not responsible' for lives of Iranian nuclear scientists following historic US-Iran deal. The Independent. 8 August 2015 [24 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于31 May 2016）.
^ Israel to Resume Assassinations of Iranian Nuclear Scientists?. ArutzSheva. 7 August 2015 [24 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于9 May 2016）.
^ Rock Center with Brian Williams. Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News. NBC News. 6 December 2014 [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于29 November 2014）.
^ MEK will fight Iran regime from new Ashraf-3 base in Albania. The Washington Times. 26 July 2019.
^ Background Briefing on an Announcement Regarding the Mujahedin-e Khalq. U.S. Department of State.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Bergman, Ronen; Fassihi, Farnaz. The Scientist and the A.I.-Assisted, Remote-Control Killing Machine. The New York Times. 2021-09-18 [2021-09-18]. ISSN 0362-4331.
^ Beaumont, Peter. Ex-Mossad chief signals Israel culpability for Iran attacks. The Guardian. 11 June 2021.
^ Torbat, Akbar E. Politics of Oil and Nuclear Technology in Iran. Palgrave Macmillan. 2020: 244. ISBN 978-3-030-33765-0.
^ Terror table of Iranian nuclear scientists within last two years. Hamshahri Online. [4 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2017）.
^ Friedson, Felice. Iranian Nuclear Physicist Killed by Revolutionary Guard, Not Israel: Sister. The Media Line. 30 September 2014 [13 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2014）.
^ دوازده سال از قتل اسرارآمیز دکتر اردشیر حسین پور دانشمند اتمی ایران، که رژیم آن را به اسرائیل نسبت داد می گذرد. 15 January 2019.
^ Cowell, Alan. Blast Kills Physics Professor in Tehran. The New York Times. 12 January 2010 [10 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2017）.
^ Staff writers. Iranian nuclear scientist killed in motorbike attack. BBC News. 29 November 2010 [22 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于12 July 2018）.
^ Broadcast of the details of the terror operations. Mehr News Agency. 5 August 2012 [11 January 2017] （波斯语）.
^ Israel behind killing of Iranian scientist - report. Dawn. Pakistan. 2 August 2011 [4 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2017）.

[Time-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Vick, Karl; Klein, Aaron J. Who Assassinated an Iranian Nuclear Scientist? Israel Isn't Telling. Time. 13 January 2012 [14 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于24 February 2016）.

[Ahmadi-2] Hasan, Mehdi. Iran's nuclear scientists are not being assassinated. They are being murdered. The Guardian. 12 January 2012 [7 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于17 January 2016）.

[Time_line-3] Meikle, James. Iran: timeline of attacks. The Guardian. 12 January 2012 [7 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于12 March 2016）.

[The_Time-4] Vick, Kar. Spy Fail: Why Iran Is Losing Its Covert War with Israel. Time. 13 February 2013 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2016）.

[Independent-5] Cockburn, Patrick. Just who has been killing Iran's nuclear scientists?. The Independent. 6 October 2013 [11 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于18 November 2015）.

[undeclared-6] Koring, Paul. The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program. The Globe and Mail. 18 June 2012 [12 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于6 December 2016）.

[JP-Spiegel-7] Staff writers. Israel behind assassinations of Iran nuclear scientists, Ya'alon hints. The Jerusalem Post. [14 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2017）.

[independent_8aug2015-8] Buchanan, Rose Troup. Israeli defence minister says he is 'not responsible' for lives of Iranian nuclear scientists following historic US-Iran deal. The Independent. 8 August 2015 [24 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于31 May 2016）.

[arutzsheva_7aug2015-9] Israel to Resume Assassinations of Iranian Nuclear Scientists?. ArutzSheva. 7 August 2015 [24 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于9 May 2016）.

[10] Rock Center with Brian Williams. Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News. NBC News. 6 December 2014 [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于29 November 2014）.

[:3-11] MEK will fight Iran regime from new Ashraf-3 base in Albania. The Washington Times. 26 July 2019.

[:4-12] Background Briefing on an Announcement Regarding the Mujahedin-e Khalq. U.S. Department of State.

[Bergman2020-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Bergman, Ronen; Fassihi, Farnaz. The Scientist and the A.I.-Assisted, Remote-Control Killing Machine. The New York Times. 2021-09-18 [2021-09-18]. ISSN 0362-4331.

[Beaumont11621-14] Beaumont, Peter. Ex-Mossad chief signals Israel culpability for Iran attacks. The Guardian. 11 June 2021.

[15] Torbat, Akbar E. Politics of Oil and Nuclear Technology in Iran. Palgrave Macmillan. 2020: 244. ISBN 978-3-030-33765-0.

[16] Terror table of Iranian nuclear scientists within last two years. Hamshahri Online. [4 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2017）.

[:2-17] Friedson, Felice. Iranian Nuclear Physicist Killed by Revolutionary Guard, Not Israel: Sister. The Media Line. 30 September 2014 [13 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2014）.

[18] دوازده سال از قتل اسرارآمیز دکتر اردشیر حسین پور دانشمند اتمی ایران، که رژیم آن را به اسرائیل نسبت داد می گذرد. 15 January 2019.

[M-A-19] Cowell, Alan. Blast Kills Physics Professor in Tehran. The New York Times. 12 January 2010 [10 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2017）.

[BBC-20] Staff writers. Iranian nuclear scientist killed in motorbike attack. BBC News. 29 November 2010 [22 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于12 July 2018）.

[Mehr-21] Broadcast of the details of the terror operations. Mehr News Agency. 5 August 2012 [11 January 2017] （波斯语）.

[dawn-22] Israel behind killing of Iranian scientist - report. Dawn. Pakistan. 2 August 2011 [4 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2017）.

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