人工青口

人工青口（英語：Artificial Mussels），中國大陸稱為人工貽貝，是一種新型化學採樣裝置，用於監測海洋環境中的金屬。

原理[编辑]

該裝置由非滲透性有機玻璃管組成，內部裝有懸浮在人造海水中的聚合物配體 Chelex100 樹脂，兩端封閉有半滲透性聚丙烯酰胺凝膠。該凝膠允許金屬離子在與樹脂螯合之前緩慢通過孔。^[1]人工青口積累的常見有毒金屬與活貽貝相似，金屬的吸收與暴露的金屬濃度成正比。^[2]

應用[编辑]

重金屬[编辑]

人工青口可以對水文條件截然不同的大型生物地理區域內的各種金屬提供可靠的時間積分估計，從而克服生物監測儀在監測水、沉積物和水體中金屬的長期存在的問題。各頂研究顯示，人工青口能吸收鎘、鉻、銅、鉛、鋅，^[3]砷，鈾，鈷。^[4]

各地使用情況[编辑]

2007年至今，人工青口已於全球29個國家及地區應用。^[5]當中包括中國，^[6]南非，^[7]澳洲^[8]等地的沿海地區。

參考文獻[编辑]

^ Global application of artificial mussels | State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution. www.cityu.edu.hk. [2023-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-25）.
^ Wu, Rudolf S. S.; Lau, T. C.; Fung, Wendy K. M.; Ko, P. H.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y. An ‘artificial mussel’ for monitoring heavy metals in marine environments. Environmental Pollution. 2007-01-01, 145 (1). ISSN 0269-7491. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.053.
^ Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Furness, Robert W.; Svavarsson, Jörundur; Lau, T. C.; Wu, Rudolf S. S. Field validation, in Scotland and Iceland, of the artificial mussel for monitoring trace metals in temperate seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 5th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. 2008-01-01, 57 (6). ISSN 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.033.
^ Claassens, L.; Dahms, S.; van Vuren, J. H. J.; Greenfield, R. Artificial mussels as indicators of metal pollution in freshwater systems: A field evaluation in the Koekemoer Spruit, South Africa. Ecological Indicators. 2016-01-01, 60. ISSN 1470-160X. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.047.
^ 3大學研「人工青口」低成本測海水核污染 - 20230705 - 要聞. 明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news. [2023-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-28）（中文（繁體））.
^ Degger, Natalie; Chiu, Jill M. Y.; Po, Beverly H. K.; Tse, Anna C. K.; Zheng, Gene J.; Zhao, Dong-Mei; Xu, Di; Cheng, Yu-Shan; Wang, Xin-Hong; Liu, Wen-Hua; Lau, T. C. Heavy metal contamination along the China coastline: A comprehensive study using Artificial Mussels and native mussels. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016-09-15, 180. ISSN 0301-4797. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.008.
^ Degger, N.; Wepener, V.; Richardson, B. J.; Wu, R. S. S. Application of artificial mussels (AMs) under South African marine conditions: A validation study. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. 2011-01-01, 63 (5). ISSN 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.040.
^ Shen, Hao; Kibria, Golam; Wu, Rudolf S. S.; Morrison, Paul; Nugegoda, Dayanthi. Spatial and temporal variations of trace metal body burdens of live mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and field validation of the Artificial Mussels in Australian inshore marine environment. Chemosphere. 2020-06-01, 248. ISSN 0045-6535. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126004.

[1] Global application of artificial mussels | State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution. www.cityu.edu.hk. [2023-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-25）.

[2] Wu, Rudolf S. S.; Lau, T. C.; Fung, Wendy K. M.; Ko, P. H.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y. An ‘artificial mussel’ for monitoring heavy metals in marine environments. Environmental Pollution. 2007-01-01, 145 (1). ISSN 0269-7491. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.053.

[3] Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Furness, Robert W.; Svavarsson, Jörundur; Lau, T. C.; Wu, Rudolf S. S. Field validation, in Scotland and Iceland, of the artificial mussel for monitoring trace metals in temperate seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 5th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. 2008-01-01, 57 (6). ISSN 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.033.

[4] Claassens, L.; Dahms, S.; van Vuren, J. H. J.; Greenfield, R. Artificial mussels as indicators of metal pollution in freshwater systems: A field evaluation in the Koekemoer Spruit, South Africa. Ecological Indicators. 2016-01-01, 60. ISSN 1470-160X. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.047.

[5] 3大學研「人工青口」低成本測海水核污染 - 20230705 - 要聞. 明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news. [2023-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-28）（中文（繁體））.

[6] Degger, Natalie; Chiu, Jill M. Y.; Po, Beverly H. K.; Tse, Anna C. K.; Zheng, Gene J.; Zhao, Dong-Mei; Xu, Di; Cheng, Yu-Shan; Wang, Xin-Hong; Liu, Wen-Hua; Lau, T. C. Heavy metal contamination along the China coastline: A comprehensive study using Artificial Mussels and native mussels. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016-09-15, 180. ISSN 0301-4797. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.008.

[7] Degger, N.; Wepener, V.; Richardson, B. J.; Wu, R. S. S. Application of artificial mussels (AMs) under South African marine conditions: A validation study. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 6th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. 2011-01-01, 63 (5). ISSN 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.040.

[8] Shen, Hao; Kibria, Golam; Wu, Rudolf S. S.; Morrison, Paul; Nugegoda, Dayanthi. Spatial and temporal variations of trace metal body burdens of live mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and field validation of the Artificial Mussels in Australian inshore marine environment. Chemosphere. 2020-06-01, 248. ISSN 0045-6535. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126004.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]